On the Galois module structure of minus class groups
\noindent Let \(L\) be a CM-field and assume \(L\) is an abelian extension of a totally real field \(K\) with \(G=\text{Gal}(L/K)\). Let \(j\in G\) denote complex conjugation. For a \(\mathbb{Z}[G]\)-module \(M\) let \(M^-:=\mathbb{Z}[G]^-\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}[G]}M\) denote the minus part where \(\mathbb{Z}[G]^-:=\mathbb{Z}[1/2][G]/(1+j)\) is the minus part of the group ring. In [\textit {C. Greither} and \textit {T. Kataoka}, Manuscr. Math. 173, No. 1-2, 259--291 (2024; Zbl 1541.11095)] the authors of the present paper introduced a new notion of equivalence \(\sim\) for the category \(\mathcal C\) of finite \(\mathbb{Z}[G]^-\)-modules. In the present paper they apply those results to an investigation of the \(\mathbb{Z}[G]^-\)-module structure of \(\text{Cl}_L^{T,-}\) where \(\text{Cl}_L^T\) is a certain \(T\)-modification of the class group \(\text{Cl}_L\) of \(L\), where \(T\) is a finite set of prime ideals of \(K\). In the following result \(p\geq 3\) is a prime number and \(L^+/K\) is a \(p\)-extension where \(L^+\) denotes the maximal totally real subfield of \(L\). Then \(L/K\) has a unique quadratic subextension \(F/K\), so necessarily \(F\) is a CM-field with \(F^+=K\). Let \(\text{ord}_p(-)\) be the additive \(p\)-adic valuation normalized by \(\text{ord}_p(p)=1\). Because of the second assumption below, \(T\)-modification is not necessary here.\N\NTheorem 1.1. Suppose the following:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item \(L^+/K\) is a cyclic \(p\)-extension of degree \(p^r\) for some \(r\geq 1\).\N\item \(L\) has no non-trivial \(p\)-th roots of unity.\N\item There is a unique prime \(v\) of \(K\) that is ramified in \(L^+/K\) and split in \(L/L^+\).\N\item \(v\) is totally ramified in \(L^+/K\).\N\item \(\text{ord}_p(\#\text{Cl}^-_F)=0.\)\N\end{itemize}\NThen \(\text{ord}_p(\#\text{Cl}^-_L)\) is in the set \\N\[\N\{r, 2r, 3r,\ldots, pr\}\cup\{pr+1,pr+2, pr+3, \ldots\}.\\N\]\NIn other words, \(\text{ord}_p(\#\text{Cl}^-_L)\) is non-zero and either divisible by \(r\) or larger than \(pr\).\N\NNow suppose \(\Gamma\) is a finite abelian group of odd order and \(\mathcal C\) is the category of finite \(\mathbb{Z}[1/2][\Gamma]\)-modules. There is a notion of equivalence \(\sim\) on \(\mathcal C\) and the set of equivalence classes \({\mathcal C}/{\sim}\) is a commutative monoid with respect to direct sums. If \(L/K\) is an abelian CM-extension such that \(\text{Gal}(L^+/K)\simeq \Gamma\) then, as above, there is a unique intermediate CM-field \(F\) such that \(F^+=K\) and \(\text{Gal}(L/F)\simeq \Gamma\). Hence, \\N\[\N\mathbb{Z}[\text{Gal}(L/K)]^-\simeq \mathbb{Z}[1/2][\Gamma].\\N\]\NAn element of \({\mathcal C}/{\sim}\) is called a \textit {realizable} class if it is the class of \(\text{Cl}_L^{T,-}\) for some extension \(L/K\) as just described. Denote the set of all such classes by \({\mathcal Z}^{\text{real}}\). There is another subset \({\mathcal Z}^{\text{adm}}\) of \({\mathcal C}/{\sim}\) called the set of \textit {admissible} classes which by definition contains \({\mathcal Z}^{\text{real}}\), is a submonoid of \({\mathcal C}/{\sim}\), and whose definition is independent of arithmetic. The authors prove\N\NTheorem 1.2. For any finite abelian group \(\Gamma\) whose order is odd, we have \\N\[\N\mathcal{Z}^{\text{real}}=\mathcal{Z}^{\text{adm}}.\\N\]\NFor a certain finite set \(\mathcal T\) which depends only on the group structure of \(\Gamma\), the authors obtain the following two results.\N\NTheorem 1.3. The following hold:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(1)] Suppose \(\Gamma\) is cyclic or is a \(p\)-group for some prime number \(p\). Then \(\mathcal{Z}^\text{adm}\) is a free monoid of rank \(\#\mathcal{T}\).\N\item[(2)] Otherwise, \(\mathcal{Z}^\text{adm}\) is not a free monoid.\N\end{itemize}\NCorollary 1.4. Suppose that \(\Gamma\) is a \(p\)-group for some prime number \(p\). Then the subset \(\mathcal{Z}^\text{real}\) of \(\mathcal{C}/{\sim}\) is a commutative monoid that is free of rank \(\#\mathcal{T}\).\N\NFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1564.11006].
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