On the Gauss Map of Minimal Graphs
Quasiconformal mappings in the complex plane (30C62) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions in two dimensions (31A05) Boundary behavior (theorems of Fatou type, etc.) of harmonic functions in two dimensions (31A20) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Minimal surfaces and optimization (49Q05) Minimal surfaces in differential geometry, surfaces with prescribed mean curvature (53A10)
The authors study minimal surfaces in the explicit form \(\varphi = \varphi (x,y)\) over a Jordan domain \(D\). Here, the function \(\varphi\) has infinite boundary values almost everywhere on \(\partial D \), where the exceptional points form a finite subset of \( \partial D\). These surfaces have been considered in detail by \textit{H. Jenkins} and \textit{J. Serrin} [See Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 21, 321-342 (1966; Zbl 0171.08301)]. The best known example of such a surface is Scherk's surface. In general, minimal surfaces can be investigated from the viewpoint of its Gauss map which in this case is closely related to a meromorphic function \( G: \{\zeta :|\zeta|<1\} \rightarrow \{w :|w|>1\} \cup \{ \infty \}\). Analyzing this class of minimal surfaces the authors show that \(G(\zeta)\) has the form \(c/B(\zeta)\) with a constant \(c\) of modulus 1, where \(B\) is a special Blaschke product. Furthermore, they find relations between the changes in sign of the boundary values \(\infty \) or \(- \infty \) and geometric properties of the corresponding vertices of \(\partial D \). Finally, assuming the representation \( G(\zeta) =c/B(\zeta)\) for the Gauss map they characterize minimal graphs with such a Gauss map. The proofs in the paper are based on the use of properties of the univalent harmonic mapping \( \zeta \mapsto x(\zeta)+iy(\zeta)\) in \(\{ \zeta: |\zeta |< 1 \}\), where the coordinate functions \(x=x(\zeta)\) and \(y=y(\zeta)\) occur in the conformal representation of these minimal surfaces via the Weierstrass formulas.
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