On the Quadratic Formula Modulo N

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Abstract: Let a,b,c, and n be integers, with a nonzero and n at least two. Necessary and sufficient conditions on these parameters are derived which guarantee that all solutions of the congruence [ ax^2+bx+c equiv 0 extrm{mod} n ] are given precisely by the solutions of [ 2axequiv -b+s extrm{mod} n, ] where s varies over all solutions of [ x^2equiv b^2-4ac extrm{mod} n. ] Corollaries of this result are deduced for prime-power moduli and some illustrative examples are also presented.












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