On the Regularity of Matrix Refinable Functions

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The refinable functions of this paper are vector functions \(\Phi\), that are solutions of a refinement equation of the form \(\Phi=\sum_\alpha P_\alpha \Phi(2\cdot-\alpha)\) where the sequence \(\{P_\alpha\}\) of \(r\times r\) matrices, or equivalently, the matrix function \(P(\omega)=2^{-d}\sum_\alpha P_\alpha e^{-i\alpha \omega}\) is called the refinement mask. The summations are over multi-indices \(\alpha\in[0,N]^d\subset{\mathbb Z}^d\). Refinable functions are used in the construction of multiwavelets. The regularity of the wavelets was studied by \textit{A. Cohen, I. Daubechies} and \textit{G. Plonka} [J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 3, No. 3, 295-324 (1997; Zbl 0914.42025)] based on the factorization of \(P\). A method of \textit{Z. Shen} [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 29, No. 1, 235-250 (1998; Zbl 0913.42028)] is based on the spectral properties of the transition operator. The transition operator \(T_P\) operates on \(r\times r\) trigonometric matrices \(H\) by \[ T_P H(\omega)= \sum_\nu P(\omega/2+\pi\nu)H(\omega/2+\pi\nu)P^*(\omega/2+\pi\nu). \] The sum is over \(\nu\in{\mathbb Z}^d/2{\mathbb Z}^d\). More precisely, the regularity of \(\Phi\) depends on the spectrum of \(T_P\) restricted to an invariant subspace. The smaller the subspace, the better the regularity estimate. In this paper, the operator \(T_P\) is written as a large matrix whose invariant subspaces are studied. This leads to a complete characterization of refinable vectors that are in the Sobolev space \(W^n({\mathbb R}^d)\), \(n\in{\mathbb Z}_+\), and to other regularity estimates for \(\Phi\).




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