On the approximate differentiability of inverse maps

DOI10.1007/S11784-014-0206-ZMaRDI QIDQ2259138zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors L. D'Onofrio, Carlo Sbordone, R. Schiattarella

Publication date 27 February 2015

Published in Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11784-014-0206-z

approximate differentiability bi-Sobolev maps density points homeomorphisms

Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Abstract inverse mapping and implicit function theorems involving nonlinear operators (47J07)

Review text

The authors prove a chain rule for a.e.\ approximately differentiable homeomorphisms acting in \(\mathbb R^n\). Given a domain \(\Omega\subset \mathbb R^n\), a function \(f:\Omega\to \mathbb R^n\) is said to be approximately differentiable at \(x_0\in \Omega\) if there exists a set \(A\subset \Omega\) of density \(1\) at \(x_0\), that is, \[ \lim_{r\to 0}\frac{|A\cap B(x_0,r)|}{|B(x_0,r)|}=1, \] such that \[ \lim_{y\to x_0, y\in A}\frac{|f(y)-f(x_0)- Df(x_0)(y-x_0)|}{|y-x_0|}=0. \] The authors address the question whether any homomorphism from \(\Omega\) into \( \Omega'\) approximately differentiable at \(x_0\in \Omega\) with non-zero Jacobian satisfies that \(f^{-1}\) is also approximately differentiable at \(y_0=f(x_0)\) with \(J_{f^{-1}}(y_0)=1/J_f(x_0)\). They present an example for \(n=2\) and \(\Omega=\Omega'=B(0,1)\) where this does not hold for \(x_0=0\). Denoting \(\mathcal R_f=\{x\in\Omega: f \text{ is approximately differentiable at } x, \text{ with } J_f(x)\neq 0\}\), their main result establishes that, if \(f:\Omega\to \Omega'\) is a homeomorphism which is approximately differentiable a.e., then there exists a Borel set \(B \subset \mathcal R_f\) with \(|B|=|\mathcal R_f|\) such that \(f(B)\subset \mathcal R_{f^{-1}}\) with \(|f(B)|=|\mathcal R_{f^{-1}}|\) such that \(Df^{-1}(f(x))Df(x)= \operatorname{Id}\) and \(J_{f^{-1}}(f(x))J_f(x)=1\) for all \(x\in B\). As a corollary, they obtain that approximately differentiable a.e.\ homeomorphisms satisfy \(|\mathcal R_{f^{-1}}|= |f(\mathcal R_f)|\). A~similar version of the chain rule for bi-Sobolev maps is known (see [\textit{S. Hencl} and \textit{P. Koskela}, Lectures on mappings of finite distortion. Cham: Springer (2014; Zbl 1293.30051)]). Also, some conditions on the homeomorphisms are provided to guarantee that density points are preserved.

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