On the base point locus of surface parametrizations: formulas and consequences

DOI10.1007/S40304-021-00257-4MaRDI QIDQ2100139zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors David A. Cox, Sonia Pérez Díaz, J. Rafael Sendra

Publication date 21 November 2022

Published in Communications in Mathematics and Statistics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.08009

zbMATH Keywords

base point Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity parametrization degree reparametrization surface degree surface parametrization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Surfaces of general type (14J29) Hypersurfaces and algebraic geometry (14J70) Computational aspects of algebraic surfaces (14Q10)

Abstract: This paper shows that the multiplicity of the base points locus of a projective rational surface parametrization can be expressed as the degree of the content of a univariate resultant. As a consequence, we get a new proof of the degree formula relating the degree of the surface, the degree of the parametrization, the base points multiplicity, and the degree of the rational map induced by the parametrization. In addition, we extend both formulas to the case of dominant rational maps of the projective plane and describe how the base point loci of a parametrization and its reparametrizations are related. As an application of these results, we explore how the degree of a surface reparametrization is affected by the presence of base points.

Review text

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Consider a projective rational surface \(\mathcal{S}\subset \mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{K})\) and a rational parametrization of \(\mathcal{S}\) \[ P:\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{K})\dashrightarrow\mathcal{S}\subset\mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{K}) \] \[ \bar{t}\mapsto (p_1(\bar{t}):\ldots:p_4(\bar{t})), \] where \(\bar{t}=(t_1,t_2,t_3)\) and the \(p_i\) are homogeneous polynomials of the same degree such that \(\mathrm{gdc}(P-1,\ldots,p_4)=1\). Assume that \(p_4\neq 0\). A base point of \(P\) is an element \(A\in \mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{K})\) such that \(P(A)=0\). Denote by \(\mathcal{B}(P)\) the set of base points of \(P\). In the paper authors deal with problem of properly counting the number of these points. They present a formula that relates the multiplicity of the base points with the content of a univariate resultant. As a consequence they give an elementary proof of degree formula \[ \mathrm{mult}(\mathcal{B}(P))=\mathrm{deg}(P)^2-\mathrm{deg}(\mathcal{S})\cdot\mathrm{deg}\,\mathrm{Map}(P), \] where \(\mathrm{Map}(P)\) is the rational map induced by \(P\). This proof is based on the intersection theory and well-known results from elimination theory. The paper also gives a simple computational method to determine the sum of multiplicity of the base points . The authors state similar formula for the case of rational map between projective planes, it means for dominant rational maps from \(\mathbb{P}^2\) onto \(\mathbb{P}^2\). Finally they study the behaviour of the base loci of two parametrizations of the same surface, when one is the reparametrization of the other.

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