On the circle problem with polynomial weight
The author discusses the circle problem concerning the number of lattice points \((x,y)\) within a circle with center \((a,b)\) and radius \(r\), where each \((x,y)\) being counted with polynomial \(p(x,y)\). This is easily estimated by \(\iint_{(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2\leq r} p(x,y) dx dy\) and the author describes the asymptotic behaviour of the error term in the form NEWLINE\[NEWLINE d^22^dh\Bigl ( O\bigl ((1+|a|^d)r^{\frac {46}{73}}(\log r)^\frac {315}{146}\bigr) +O\bigl (|a|^{d-1}r^{\frac {5}{3}}\bigr)+O\bigl (r^{d+\frac {2}{3}}\bigr) \Bigr), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(d\) is the degree and \(h\) the height of the polynomial \(p\) and assuming (without loss of generality) \(|a|\geq |b|\). He applies this result to \(k\)th moments of the arithmetic function \(r(n)\), the number of distinct integer representations of \(n\) as \(n=x^2+y^2\), and he gives NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\sum_{1\leq n\leq t}n^kr(n)=\frac {\pi }{1+k}t^{1+k} +O\bigl (t^{k+\frac {1}{3}}\bigr)\text{ for }k=1,2,\dots.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The proof is based on the asymptotic estimate \( r^2\pi +O\big (r^{\frac {46}{73}}(\log r)^{\frac {315}{146}}\big) \) for the classical Gauss circle problem given by \textit{M. N. Huxley} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 66, 279-301 (1993; Zbl 0820.11060)].
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