On the class of a projective algebraic surface
Let \(S\subset {\mathbb{P}}^ n\) be a nonsingular complex algebraic surface of degree d, sectional genus g and class m. It is known that \(m\geq d-1\), \(m=d-1\) if and only if S is \({\mathbb{P}}^ 2\) embedded by lines or by conics, \(m=d\) if and only if S is a scroll, i.e. a \({\mathbb{P}}^ 1\)-bundle whose fibres are lines. In this paper the following facts are proved: (1) let \(m\leq 3d+2\); then either \((a)S\) is ruled, \((b)\quad m=3d\) and S is a minimal hyperelliptic or abelian surface, or \((c)\quad m=3d+2\) and S is a minimal elliptic surface with \(q=p_ g+1\); (2) If S is of general type, then \(m\geq 3d+17\); (3) there are no surfaces whose class m satisfies \(d+1\leq m\leq d+2g.\) This last result is related to a paper of \textit{D. Gallarati} [Ric. Mat. 6, 111-124 (1957; Zbl 0077.344)] in which the surfaces with \(m\leq d+10\) are classified.
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