On the conjecture of groups with the same number of centralizers
Let \(G\) be a finite group and let \(\mathrm{Cent}(G) = \{C_{G}(x) \mid x \in G\}\) denote the set of centralizers of elements in \(G\). \textit{A. R. Ashrafi} and \textit{B. Taeri} [J. Appl. Math. Comput. 17, No. 1--2, 217--227 (2005; Zbl 1066.20028)] asked the following problem: Let \(G\) and \(H\) be finite simple groups such that \(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)| = |\mathrm{Cent}(H)|\). Are \(G\) and \(H\) isomorphic?\N\NThe second author [Arch. Math. 93, No. 6, 497--503 (2009; Zbl 1187.20016)] constructed a counter-example to this claim. He also showed in [Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 93, No. 1, 42--46 (2016; Zbl 1336.20046)] that for every isoclinic pair of groups \(G\) and \(S\) one has \(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)| = |\mathrm{Cent}(S)|\), although the converse implication is not true.\N\NLater, \textit{K. Khoramshahi} and the second author [J. Algebra Appl. 20, No. 2, Article ID 2150012, 6 p. (2021; Zbl 1507.20014)] asked whether, if \(G\) and \(S\) are finite groups with \(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)| = |\mathrm{Cent}(S)|\) and \(|G'| = |S'|\), then \(G\) and \(S\) are isoclinic.\N\NIn the paper under review, the authors introduce the class of Cpo-groups, namely, finite groups for which all centralizers of non-central elements have prime order. They first prove that if \(G\) is a Cpo-group whose order has largest prime divisor \(p\), then \(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)| = p+2\). Using this result, they construct two non-isoclinic finite groups \(G\) and \(H\) with isomorphic commutator subgroups and \(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)| = |\mathrm{Cent}(H)|\).
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