On the distribution of powers of a complex number
Let \(\alpha\in{\mathbb C}\setminus{\mathbb R}\) be an algebraic number, \(|\alpha|>1\), \(\xi\in{\mathbb C}\setminus\{0\}\). Suppose that \(\xi\not\in{\mathbb Q}(\alpha,i)\) if \(\alpha\) is an algebraic integer whose conjugates over \({\mathbb Q}(i) \) other than \(\alpha\) itself all lie in the unit disc \(|z|\leq 1\). The author proves that for any \(\nu\in{\mathbb C}\) there are two limit points of the sequence \(\{\xi\alpha^n+\nu\}_{n\geq 0}\) at distance at least \(\frac{1}{\min(l(P),l(P^*))} \) from each other, where \(P(z)\in{\mathbb Z}[i,z]\) is the minimal polynomial of \(\alpha\) over \({\mathbb Q}(i)\), \(l(P)\) the reduced length of \(P\). Let \((z_n)_{n\geq 0}\) be a sequence of complex numbers and let \(M>0\). Suppose that \(\alpha\) is a complex number of modulus \(|\alpha|=1+\frac{1}{M}\). Then for \(M\geq 1\) there is a complex number \(\xi\) such that for each \(n\geq 0\) the distance from \(\xi\alpha^n-z_n\) to the nearest Gaussian integer in \({\mathbb Z}[i]\) is at least \(\frac{1}{36\sqrt{M\log(28M)}} \); for \(M<1\) there is a complex number \(\xi\) such that for each \(n\geq 0\) the numbers \(\xi\alpha^n-z_n\) all lie in a union of closed discs with radii \(\frac{M}{\sqrt{2}}\) centered at \({\mathbb Z}[i]\). Moreover, for \(M<\frac 12\) there exist uncountably many transcendental numbers \(\zeta\) such that for each such \(\zeta\) and each integer \(n\geq 0\) the numbers \(\zeta\alpha^n-z_n\) all lie in a union of closed discs with radii \(M\) centered at \({\mathbb Z}[i]\).
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