On the factorization of inequalities
In this paper the author continues his investigations concerning Hardy-Bennett type factorization theorems. For a power \(p>0\), a function \(\varphi:[0,\infty[\to[0,\infty[\) belongs to the class \(\Phi(p)\) if \(\varphi\) is increasing, \(\varphi(0)=0\), and \(x\mapsto \varphi(x)x^{-p}\) is nonincreasing. In the case when \(x\mapsto \varphi(x)x^{-p}\) is nondecreasing, \(\varphi\) is said to belong to \(\Psi(p)\). For a function \(\varphi:[0,\infty[\to[0,\infty[\), \(0\leq c<1\) and a sequence \(\lambda:=\{\lambda_n\}\) (such that \(\lambda_n\geq 0\) for all \(n\) and \(\lambda_n>0\) for infinitely many \(n\)) define the following sequence spaces: \[ \ell^\varphi:=\biggl\{{\mathbf x}: \sum_{i=1}^\infty \varphi(|x_n|)<\infty\biggr\}, \] \[ h(\varphi,c,\Lambda):=\biggl\{{\mathbf x}: \sum_{n=1}^\infty\lambda_n\Lambda_n^{-c} \varphi\biggl(\sum_{k=1}^n|x_k|\biggr)<\infty\biggr\}, \] \[ H(p,c,\Lambda):=\biggl\{{\mathbf x}: \sum_{k=1}^n|x_k|^p=O(\Lambda_n^{(1-p)(1-c)})\biggr\}, \] where \(\Lambda=\{\Lambda_n\}\) and \(\Lambda_n:=\sum_{k=n}^\infty\lambda_k\). One of the main results of the paper states that if \(p>1\), \(0\leq c<1\), \(\varphi\in \Psi(p)\), and a sequence \(\mathbf x\) belongs to \(h(\varphi,c,\Lambda)\), then it admits a factorization \({\mathbf x}= {\mathbf y}\cdot {\mathbf z}\) with \({\mathbf y}\in\ell^\varphi\) and \({\mathbf z}\in H(p^*,c,\Lambda)\), where \(p^*\) is the conjugate power to \(p\). Conversely, if \(p>1\), \(\varphi\in\Phi(p)\) and the sequence \(\lambda\) satisfies the additional condition \(\Lambda_n\leq K\Lambda_{2n}\) and the sequence \(\Lambda\) is quasi \(\beta\)-power-monotone decreasing with some positive \(\beta\), furthermore the sequence \({\mathbf x}\) admits the above factorization, then \({\mathbf x}\in h(\varphi,c,\Lambda)\). Analogous results are obtained in the case when the sequence \(\Lambda_n\) is replaced by \(H_n=1+\sum_{k=1}^n\). In the particular cases \(c=0\) or \(\varphi(x)=x^p\), the results reduce to earlier ones of the author [Acta Math. Hung. 79, No. 4, 341-350 (1998; Zbl 0909.26009); Math.\ Pannonica 10, No. 1, 61-65 (1999; Zbl 0916.26005)].
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