On the oscillation of certain second-order linear differential equations

Authors

Publication date 20 November 2023

Abstract: This paper consists of three parts: First, letting

b_{1} (z)

,

b_{2} (z)

,

p_{1} (z)

and

p_{2} (z)

be nonzero polynomials such that

p_{1} (z)

and

p_{2} (z)

have the same degree

k g e q 1

and distinct leading coefficients

1

and

a l p h a

, respectively, we solve entire solutions of the Tumura--Clunie type differential equation

f^{n} + P (z, f) = b_{1} (z) e^{p_{1} (z)} + b_{2} (z) e^{p_{2} (z)}

, where

n g e q 2

is an integer,

P (z, f)

is a differential polynomial in

f

of degree

l e q n - 1

with coefficients having polynomial growth. Second, we study the oscillation of the second-order differential equation

f^{″} - [b_{1} (z) e^{p_{1} (z)} + b_{2} (z) e^{p_{2} (z)}] f = 0

and prove that

a l p h a = [2 (m + 1) - 1] / [2 (m + 1)]

for some integer

m g e q 0

if this equation admits a nontrivial solution such that

l a m b d a (f) < i n f t y

. This partially answers a question of Ishizaki. Finally, letting

b_{2} o t = 0

and

b_{3}

be constants and

l

and

s

be relatively prime integers such that

l > s g e q 1

, we prove that

l = 2

if the equation

f^{″} - (e^{l z} + b_{2} e^{s z} + b_{3}) f = 0

admits two linearly independent solutions

f_{1}

and

f_{2}

such that

m a x l a m b d a (f_{1}), l a m b d a (f_{2}) < i n f t y

. In particular, we precisely characterize all solutions such that

l a m b d a (f) < i n f t y

when

l = 2

and

l = 4

.

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