On the set of discrete two-generator groups
The authors study the set of discrete two-generator groups \(\langle f,g\rangle\) of Möbius transformations (linear fractional transformations) of the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\). They recall that these two-generator groups \(\langle f,g\rangle\) are determined, up to conjugacy, by the numbers \(\beta=\text{tr}^2(f)-4\), \(\beta'=\text{tr}^2(g)-4\) and \(\gamma=\text{tr}(fgf^{-1}g^{-1})-2\), provided that \(\gamma\neq 0\). Those discrete two-generator groups for which \(\gamma=0\) are all elementary and are well-understood. The authors correspondingly define the following two subsets of \(\mathbb{C}^3\): \[ D=\{(\beta(f),\beta(g),\gamma(f,g)):\langle f,g\rangle\text{ is discrete}\}, \] \[ E=\{(\beta(f),\beta(g),\gamma(f,g)):\langle f,g\rangle\text{ is elementary}\}. \] They show that, in \(\mathbb{C}^3\), \(E\) is closed, \(D\) is not closed, \(D\cup E\) is closed; and they analyze in detail both the set \(E\) and the set \(\overline D\setminus D\). Here are the structural results: Proposition 2.1. \(E=E_1\cup E_2\cup E_3\), where \(E_1=\{(\beta,\beta',\gamma):\beta,\beta'\in [-4,0]\), \(\gamma\in[-\beta\beta'/4,0]\}\), \(E_2=\{(\beta,\beta',0):\beta,\beta'\in\mathbb{C}\}\), and \(E_3= \{(\gamma,-4,\gamma),(-4,\gamma,\gamma),(-4,-4,\gamma):\gamma\in\mathbb{C}\}\). Theorem 5.1. \(\overline D\setminus D=(E_2\setminus D)\cup(E_3\setminus D)\).
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