On the solution of an integral-functional equation with a parameter

compact operator convergence eigenfunctions Fourier expansion Fredholm integral equation integral functional equation Laplace transform spectrum successive approximations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Functional equations for real functions (39B22) Fourier coefficients, Fourier series of functions with special properties, special Fourier series (42A16) Eigenvalue problems for integral equations (45C05) Volterra integral equations (45D05) Theoretical approximation of solutions to integral equations (45L05)

Review text

This paper studies the Fredholm integral equation \[ \phi(t) = (L\phi)(t) = b \int_{at - a + 1}^{at} \phi(\tau) d\tau, \tag{\(*\)} \] where \(a > 1\) and \(b = a/(a-1)\) (for \(a \leq 1\) no nonzero solutions of this equation exist). This equation can also be written in differential form \( \phi'(t) = ab[\phi(at) - \phi(at - a + 1)] \). It is shown that this equation has a solution supported on \([0,1]\), which is unique under the normalization \(\int_0^1 \phi(\tau) d\tau = 1\). This solution is \(C^\infty\) smooth, symmetric with respect to the point \(t = \frac 12\), nonnegative, nondecreasing in \([0,\frac 12]\), nonincreasing in \([\frac 12,1]\), and constant in \([1/a,1-1/a]\) if \(a > 2\). Several other properties of this solution are also established about its Laplace transform, convergence of successive approximations, and its Fourier expansion. Furthermore, a complete description is given of the spectrum and eigenfunctions of the compact operator \(L\) in \((*)\).

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