On the stability of a multiplicative functional equation
The functional equation \[ f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)f(x^{-1}+y^{-1})\tag{1} \] is introduced. This equation is equivalent to the multiplicative functional equation in the class of functions \(f:\mathbb R\setminus\{0\} \rightarrow \mathbb R\). More precisely, it is proved that a function \(f:\mathbb R \rightarrow\mathbb R\) satisfies (1) for every \(x,y\in\mathbb R\setminus \{0\}\) iff there exist a constant \(\sigma\in\{-1,1\}\) and a multiplicative function \(m:\mathbb R\rightarrow\mathbb R\) (i.e. \(m(xy)=m(x)m(y)\), \(x,y\in\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}\)), such that \(f(x)=\sigma m(x)\) for all \(x\in\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}\). The stability of the equation (1) in the sense of R. Ger is also investigated. It is proved that if a function \(f:\mathbb R\rightarrow (0,\infty)\) satisfies the inequality \[ \biggl|\frac{f(x+y)}{f(x)f(y)f(x^{-1}+y^{-1})}-1\biggr|\leq\varepsilon \] for some \(0\leq\varepsilon<1\) and for all \(x,y\in\mathbb R\setminus \{0\}\), then there exists a unique multiplicative function \(m:\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}\rightarrow(0,\infty)\) such that \(\varepsilon_1\leq\frac{m(x)}{f(x)}\leq\varepsilon_2\) for any \(x\in\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}\) (\(\varepsilon_1,\varepsilon_2\) are the constants depending only on \(\varepsilon\)). This result is applied to obtain the Hyers-Ulam stability of the equation of Heuvers (\(f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)=f(x^{-1}+y^{-1})\); this equation is equivalent to the logarithmic functional equation in the class of functions \(f:(0,\infty) \rightarrow\mathbb R\)).
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