On the structure of closed ideals

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Let \(R\) be a commutative unitary Noetherian ring and \(I\) a regular ideal of \(R\). Call \(I\) closed if \(R=\text{Hom}_R(I,I)\). Examples of closed ideals include the invertible ideals and the ideals of grade \(\geq 2\). Let \(\text{Clos}(R)\) denote the equivalence classes of closed ideals when identifying \(I\) with \(IJ\) for \(J\) invertible ideal. The authors give partial answers to the following questions: (1) What are the closed ideals? (2) Are there bounds for the number of generators of closed ideals of codimension \(1\) which are Cohen-Macaulay? (3) What is the structure of \(\text{Clos}(R)\) and when is this a finite set? For instance, the authors prove that when \(R\) is a one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay ring with canonical ideal \(\omega\), the map sending \(I\) to \(\text{Hom}_R(I,\omega)\) induces an involution on \(\text{Clos}(R)\) whose fixed points are the classes of ideals such that \(I^2\cong\omega\).











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