On the ubiquity of oriented double rays

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A digraph \(H\) is called ubiquitous if any digraph \(G\) that contains \(k\) vertex-disjoint copies of \(H\), for every \(k\in \mathbb{N}\), also contains infinitely many vertex-disjoint copies of \(H\) as subdigraphs. Clearly, every finite digraph is ubiquitous. A digraph \(H\) is called an oriented double ray if its underlying undirected graph is a double ray; and a vertex of an oriented double ray is called a turn if it has in-degree or out-degree 2. In this paper, the authors show that an oriented double ray with at least one turn is ubiquitous if and only if it has a (finite) odd number of turns.











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