On uniqueness of inverse conductive scattering problem with unknown embedded obstacles
Let \(D\subset\mathbb{R}^{3}\) be a bounded domain representing a penetrable obstacle, and let \(D_{\mathrm{b}}\) be a bounded subdomain, properly embedded in \(D\), representing an impenetrable obstacle. The scatterer is illuminated by an incident field \(u^{i}\) satisfying \(\Delta u^{i} + k^{2}u^{i}=0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\). This gives rise to a scattered field \(u^{s}\), which is assumed to satisfy the following transmission problem:\N\[\N\left\{\begin{aligned} & \Delta u + k^{2}u = 0 && \text{in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\setminus\overline{D}\),} \\\N& \mathrm{div}\,(\lambda\nabla v) + k^{2}nv = 0 && \text{in \(D\setminus\overline{D_{\mathrm{b}}}\),} \\\N& u-v=0 ,\quad \partial_{\nu}u = \lambda\partial_{\nu}v + \gamma v && \text{on \(\partial D\),} \\\N& \mathcal{B}(v) = 0 && \text{on \(\partial D_{\mathrm{b}}\),} \\\N& u^{\mathrm{sc}} \text{ is outgoing} \end{aligned}\right.\N\]\Nwhere \(u=u^{i}+u^{s}\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\setminus\overline{D}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\) can be either Dirichlet (sound-soft), Neumann (sound-hard), or even general impedance. The main objective of this paper is to establish the unique determination of the domain \(D\), the boundary parameter \(\gamma|_{\partial D}\), and certain additional associated quantities (see Theorem~3.8 for details).\N\NA similar setting in the general anisotropic case (in which the scalar coefficient \(\lambda\) is replaced by a positive definite matrix \(A\)) was investigated in [the reviewer and \textit{J.-N. Wang}, IMA J. Appl. Math. 86, No. 2, 320--348 (2021; Zbl 1471.76063)]. In that work, it is provided an explicit reconstruction procedure based on the factorization method, together with supporting numerical results.\N\NFinally, although the authors restrict their analysis to the case \(d=3\), the inverse scattering problem can in fact be formulated in arbitrary spatial dimension \(d \ge 2\). See, for example, [the reviewer et al., Interfaces Free Bound. 26, No. 3, 415--471 (2024; Zbl 1554.35425)].
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