Operators that achieve the norm

Numerical range, numerical radius (47A12) Invariant subspaces of linear operators (47A15) Linear operator approximation theory (47A58) Linear operators defined by compactness properties (47B07) Positive linear operators and order-bounded operators (47B65)

Abstract: In this paper we study the theory of operators on complex Hilbert spaces, which achieve the norm in the unit sphere. We prove important results concerning the characterization of the AN operators, see Definition 1.2. The class of AN operators contains the algebra of the compact ones.

Review text

This paper is an investigation of Hilbert space operators achieving their operator norms on the unit sphere. An operator \(T \in B(H,K)\) is said to satisfy the property \(\mathcal{N}\) if there exists an element \(x\) in the unit sphere of \(H\) such that \(\|T\|=\sup\{\|Ty\|: \|y\|=1\}= \|Tx\|\). It is known that any compact operator is an \(\mathcal{N}\) operator. Several characterizations and properties of operators satisfying \(\mathcal{N}\) are presented. For instance, it is shown that a self-adjoint operator \(T\in B(H)\) satisfies \(\mathcal{N}\) if and only if \(\|T\|\) or \(-\|T\|\) is an eigenvalue of \(T\). It is also proved that \(T \in B(H,K)\) satisfies \(\mathcal{N}\) if and only if so does \(T^*\). It is said that \(T\) satisfies property \(\mathcal{AN}\) if for all closed subspaces \(\{0\} \neq M \subseteq H\), \(T|_M\) satisfies property \(\mathcal{N}\). Any compact operator is an \(\mathcal{AN}\) operator. Again, several examples and characterizations of \(\mathcal{AN}\) operators are given. The authors prove that an orthogonal projection \(Q\in B(H)\) satisfies the \(\mathcal{AN}\) property if and only if the dimension of the null space or the dimension of the rank of \(Q\) is finite. They also analyze the structure of the positive operators satisfying the \(\mathcal{AN}\) property.

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