Optimal Gevrey regularity for certain sums of squares in two variables
In this paper, the authors are interested in the operator \N\[\NP=D_x^2+x^{2(q-1)}D_y^2+y^{2a}D_y^2\N\]\Nin a neighborhood of the origin of \(\mathbb{R}^2\), where \(q\) and \(a\) are two integers satisfying \(a\geq1\) and \(q>1\), and where \(D_x\) (resp. \(D_y\)) stands for the derivation operator \(-i\partial_x\) (resp. \(-i\partial_y\)).\N\NTheir main result is to prove that \(P\) is \(s_0\)-Gevrey for \N\[\Ns_0^{-1}=1-\dfrac{1}{a}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{q}\right),\N\]\Nand not \(s\)-Gevrey for any \(s\in[1,s_0[\), that is the bound \(s_0\) is optimal. In particular, \(P\) is not analytic hypoelliptic.\N\NAs an application, they consider the case of the Métivier operator obtained for \(a=1\) and \(q=2\). They give in particular a description of the characteristic manifold of this one and of its relation with the Treves conjecture on the analytic hypoellipticity for sums of squares.
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