Order in implication zroupoids

Other algebras related to logic (03G25) Equational logic, Mal'tsev conditions (08B05) Lattices of varieties (08B15) De Morgan algebras, ?ukasiewicz algebras (lattice-theoretic aspects) (06D30) Other generalizations of distributive lattices (06D75)

Abstract: The variety

m a t h b f I

of implication zroupoids was defined and investigated by Sankappanavar ([7]) as a generalization of De Morgan algebras. Also, in [7], several new subvarieties of

m a t h b f I

were introduced, including the subvariety

m a t h b f I_{2, 0}

, defined by the identity:

, which plays a crucial role in this paper. Several more new subvarieties of

m a t h b f I

, including the subvariety

m a t h b f S L

of semilattices with a least element

0

, are studied in [3], and an explicit description of semisimple subvarieties of

m a t h b f I

is given in [5]. It is well known that the operation

l a n d

induces a partial order (

s q s u b s e t e q

) in the variety

m a t h b f S L

and also in the variety

m a t h b f D M

of De Morgan algebras. As both

m a t h b f S L

and

m a t h b f D M

are subvarieties of

m a t h b f I

and the definition of partial order can be expressed in terms of the implication and the constant, it is but natural to ask whether the relation

s q s u b s e t e q

(now defined) on

m a t h b f I

is actually a partial order in some (larger) subvariety of

m a t h b f I

that includes

m a t h b f S L

and

m a t h b f D M

. The purpose of the present paper is two-fold: Firstly, a complete answer is given to the above mentioned problem. Indeed, our first main theorem shows that the variety

m a t h b f I_{2, 0}

is a maximal subvariety of

m a t h b f I

with respect to the property that the relation

s q s u b s e t e q

is a partial order on its members. In view of this result, one is then naturally led to consider the problem of determining the number of non-isomorphic algebras in

m a t h b f I_{2, 0}

that can be defined on an

n

-element chain (herein called

m a t h b f I_{2, 0}

-chains),

n

being a natural number. Secondly, we answer this problem in our second main theorem, which says that, for each

n i n m a t h b b N

, there are exactly

n

nonisomorphic

m a t h b f I_{2, 0}

-chains of size

n

.

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