Oriented Matroids
Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to combinatorics (05-02) Combinatorial aspects of matroids and geometric lattices (05B35) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to convex and discrete geometry (52-02) Matroids in convex geometry (realizations in the context of convex polytopes, convexity in combinatorial structures, etc.) (52B40) Oriented matroids in discrete geometry (52C40) Computer graphics; computational geometry (digital and algorithmic aspects) (68U05) Linear programming (90C05)
This book is a comprehensive exposition of oriented matroids consisting of ten chapters. It is intended for graduate students as an introduction (where some knowledge in discrete mathematics is of advantage) and for researchers who need a thorough reference work. The book starts with two orientation sessions which illustrate different aspects of oriented matroids. Since oriented matroids can be thought of as combinatorial abstraction of directed graphs, of real hyperplane arrangements, of point configurations, and of convex polytopes, these mathematical theories are used to motivate oriented matroids. In these two chapters a number of examples is presented and simultaneously the main concepts and terminology of oriented matroids is introduced. In the third chapter a formal introduction is given by presenting four basic axiom systems for oriented matroids: circuit axioms, orthogonality axioms, chirotopes, and vector axioms. These axiom systems arise from directed graphs, orthogonal pairs of real vector subspaces, point configurations and convex polytopes, and real hyperplane arrangements, respectively. Other topics discussed in this chapter include minors, duality, and local realizability. Chapter 4 is entitled ``From Face Lattices to Topology. Face lattices are studied in this chapter in a general axiomatized version. The lattices are formed by the covectors of an oriented matroid under a natural partial ordering. The connection to topology is established by showing that the covector lattice of an oriented matroid uniquely determines a regular cell decomposition of a sphere. In Chapter \(5\) topological models for oriented matroids are presented. The core of this chapter is the Topological Representation Theorem. It says that general oriented matroids similarly correspond to arrangements of generalized hyperplanes, each obtained from a flat hyperplane by tame topological deformation. The rank 3 case of the Topological Representation Theorem can easily be visualized. In the projective version, this identifies rank 3 oriented matroids with arrangements of pseudolines. These arrangements are the topic of Chapter \(6\). In Chapter \(7\) it is discussed how oriented matroids can be extended, deformed, locally perturbed, flipped, glued together, and how the old and the newly obtained oriented matroids are related. The realizability of oriented matroids is the topic of Chapter \(8\). To this for the space \({\mathcal R}(M)\) of all vector realizations of a fixed oriented matroid M is introduced. The realizability problem for M now becomes the question whether the semialgebraic variety \({\mathcal R}(M)\) is empty or not. Chapter \(9\) is devoted to the combinatorial theory of convex polytopes. Several new results on polytopes as well as new simplified proofs for known results could be found with the help of oriented matroid theory. Chapter \(10\) gives an introduction to linear programming on oriented matroids. A geometric access to the fundamental ideas of oriented matroid programming, as developed by Bland is given. A list of open problems and exercises is included after each of the ten chapters. In the second edition an appendix has been added about some current frontiers of research. Here, the progress made since the first edition was published is summarized. Also the already excellent bibliography of the first edition has been greatly expanded.
- Affine configurations and pure braids
- Counting distance permutations
- Multitriangulations as complexes of star polygons
- Graphs of transportation polytopes
- Realization of abstract convex geometries by point configurations
- Confirmation of Matheron's conjecture on the covariogram of a planar convex body
- Topological configurations (n₄) exist for all n 17
- On minimal non-orientable matroids with 2n elements and rank n
- The directed switching game on Lawrence oriented matroids
- On the division of space by topological hyperplanes
- The Holt-Klee condition for oriented matroids
- The active bijection in graphs, hyperplane arrangements, and oriented matroids, 1: the fully optimal basis of a bounded region
- Zonotopes with large 2D-cuts
- Polarity and inner products in oriented matroids
- Oriented matroids from smooth manifolds
- Polarity and point extensions in oriented matroids
- Completeness in oriented matroids
- Linear programming duality: an introduction to oriented matroids
- A lattice-theoretical characterization of oriented matroids
- Oriented matroids today
- Tile invariants: New horizons.
- Bases, reorientations, and linear programming, in uniform and rank-3 oriented matroids
- The complete enumeration of 4-polytopes and 3-spheres with nine vertices
- Enumerating polytropes
- Upper bounds on Betti numbers of tropical prevarieties
- Vectors of matroids over tracts
- Characterization of a class of weak transport-entropy inequalities on the line
- Hyperfield Grassmannians
- Schubert polynomials as integer point transforms of generalized permutahedra
- Convex cones, integral zonotopes, limit shape
- Realizability and inscribability for simplicial polytopes via nonlinear optimization
- Crosscut-simplicial lattices
- The colored Hadwiger transversal theorem in \(\mathbb{R}^d\)
- COMs: complexes of oriented matroids
- Positive geometries and canonical forms
- Edges versus circuits: a hierarchy of diameters in polyhedra
- Matroids over partial hyperstructures
- On the number of circuit-cocircuit reversal classes of an oriented matroid
- On left regular bands and real conic-line arrangements
- Classification of external zonotopal algebras
- Signed difference analysis: testing for structure under monotonicity
- A convolution formula for Tutte polynomials of arithmetic matroids and other combinatorial structures
- Extension complexity and realization spaces of hypersimplices
- The Cohen-Macaulayness of the bounded complex of an affine oriented matroid
- The axiomatization of affine oriented matroids reassessed
- The basis graph of a bicolored matroid
- Homotopy type of intervals of the second higher Bruhat orders
- Subword complexes in Coxeter groups.
- Computing the face lattice of a polytope from its vertex-facet incidences
- Bases in Orlik-Solomon type algebras
- Projection bodies and valuations
- Axioms for maximal vectors of an oriented matroid: A combinatorial characterization of the regions determined by an arrangement of pseudohyperplanes
- Homotopy sphere representations for matroids
- Foundations for a theory of complex matroids
- Topological representations of matroid maps
- Complete enumeration of small realizable oriented matroids
- New examples of oriented matroids with disconnected realization spaces
- A two-dimensional topological representation theorem for matroid polytopes of rank 4
- Representations of weakly multiplicative arithmetic matroids are unique
- Minimality of toric arrangements
- Zonotopes whose cellular strings are all coherent
- Oriented matroid structures from realized root systems
- Grassmannians and pseudosphere arrangements
- P-flag spaces and incidence stratifications
- On the Holt-Klee property for oriented matroid programming
- Whitney numbers of matroid extensions and co-extensions
- Many order types on integer grids of polynomial size
- Perverse sheaves over real hyperplane arrangements. II
- The Varchenko-Gel'fand ring of a cone
- Diameters of cocircuit graphs of oriented matroids: an update
- Congruence normality of simplicial hyperplane arrangements via oriented matroids
- Complete graph drawings up to triangle mutations
- On Tutte polynomial expansion formulas in perspectives of matroids and oriented matroids
- A generalization of combinatorial identities for stable discrete series constants
- Higher secondary polytopes and regular plabic graphs
- On the complex-representable excluded minors for real-representability
- Orientable arithmetic matroids
- Cooperative games on simplicial complexes
- The r-signed Birkhoff transform
- Two extensions of the Erdős-Szekeres problem
- Local finiteness of the twisted Bruhat orders on affine Weyl groups
- Structure on the top homology and related algorithms
- Euclidean matchings and minimality of hyperplane arrangements
- A proof of the strict monotone 5-step conjecture
- Polynomial-reproducing spline spaces from fine zonotopal tilings
- Hypersimplicial subdivisions
- Towards a classification of maximal peak-pit Condorcet domains
- Universal geometric cluster algebras
- Cellular structure for the Herzog-Takayama resolution
- Circular planar electrical networks: posets and positivity
- Shellability and regularity of chain complexes over a principal ideal domain
- Joins of oriented matroids
- Toric degenerations of Grassmannians from matching fields
- Face numbers of Engström representations of matroids
- On powers of Plücker coordinates and representability of arithmetic matroids
- On tope graphs of complexes of oriented matroids
- On the regularity of orientable matroids
- The complexity of optimization on grids
- Models of risky choice: a state-trace and signed difference analysis
- The Varchenko determinant for oriented matroids
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