Orthogonality equation with two unknown functions

Quadratic and bilinear forms, inner products (15A63) Linear preserver problems (15A86) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52) Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner product) (46C05)

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Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be inner product spaces; the following is the orthogonality equation in a single unknown function \(f:X \to Y\): \[ \langle f(x)|f(y)\rangle=\langle x|y\rangle, \quad x, y \in X. \] The author investigates the similar equation in two unknown functions: \[ \langle f(x)|g(y)\rangle=\langle x|y\rangle, \quad x, y \in X. \leqno(1) \] The first result is given by the following theorem. Theorem. Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be Hilbert spaces, \(f, g:X \to Y\) and let \((f,g)\) satisfy Equation (1). If \(f\) is surjective, then both mappings \(f\) and \(g\) are linear, continuous and bijective. The second section of the paper deals with the complementary mappings, i.e., given \(f\) find a mapping \(g\) such that (1) is satisfied and the third section treats the problem of preservation of orthogonality. The following theorem is proved: Theorem. Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be inner product spaces and \(f, g:X \to Y\) linear mappings. The following conditions are equivalent, with some \(\gamma \in \mathbb{R}\) (or in \(\mathbb{C}\)): 1. \(\forall x, y \in X\), \(x \perp y \Rightarrow f(x) \perp g(y)\); 2. \(\forall x, y \in X\), \(\langle f(x)|g(y)\rangle=\gamma \langle x|y\rangle\). Moreover, in the complex case, each of the above conditions is equivalent to 3. \(\forall x\in X\), \(\langle f(x)|g(x)\rangle=\gamma \| x \|^2\).

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