Overdetermined problems with fractional Laplacian

DOI10.1051/COCV/2014048MaRDI QIDQ2949582zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mouhamed Moustapha Fall, Sven Jarohs

Publication date 2 October 2015

Published in ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.7549

zbMATH Keywords

Hopf's lemmamethod of moving planes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50) Overdetermined boundary value problems for PDEs and systems of PDEs (35N25) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)

Abstract: Let $Ngeq1$ and $sin(0,1)$. In the present work we characterize bounded open sets $Omega$ with $C^2$ boundary ( extit{not necessarily connected}) for which the following overdetermined problem �egin{equation*} ( -Delta)^s u = f(u) ext{ in $Omega$,} qquad u=0 ext{ in $mathbb{R}^{N}setminusOmega$,} qquad(partial_{eta})_s u=Const. ext{ on $partialOmega$} end{equation*} has a nonnegative and nontrivial solution, where $eta$ is the outer unit normal vectorfield along $partialOmega$ and for $x_{0}inpartialOmega$ [ left(partial_{eta} ight)_{s}u(x_{0})=-lim_{t o 0}frac{u(x_{0}-teta(x_0))}{t^s}. ] Under mild assumptions on $f$, we prove that $Omega$ must be a ball. In the special case $fequiv1$, we obtain an extension of Serrin's result in 1971. The fact that $Omega$ is not assumed to be connected is related to the nonlocal property of the fractional Laplacian. The main ingredients in our proof are maximum principles and the method of moving planes.

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