Parametric transverse patterns in broad aperture lasers

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The authors consider the single-mode approximation of a laser \[ \begin{aligned} \partial E / \partial t & =-\mu (E -P)+ D \partial^2 E /\partial x^2, \partial P / \partial t =- (1+i \delta) P + NE,\\ \partial N/\partial t& = \gamma [N_0 (t) - N - \tfrac 12 (E^* P + EP^*)],\tag{1}\end{aligned} \] where \(E\) and \(P\) describe the electrical field and the polarization of the active medium, respectively, \(N\) characterizes the population inversion. \(E,P\) and \(N\) satisfy periodic boundary conditions or no-flux conditions. Using the methods of normal form theory, they consider the formation of spatial patterns by homogeneous oscillating pumping. It turns out that, in case of resonance forcing, the boundary value problem depends sensitively on the geometric size, there arise standing, rotating or oscillating patterns.











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