Partial difference sets from unions of cyclotomic classes
Let \(G\) be a finite (additively written) abelian group of order \(v\) with identity \(0_G\) and let \(D\) be a subset of size \(k\) of \(G\). The subset \(D\) is called a \((v, k, \lambda, \mu)\) partial difference set (PDS) if the list of differences ``\(x-y\), \(x\neq y\), \(x, y \in D\) represents every element in \(D\) exactly \(\lambda\) times and every nonidentity element of \(G\backslash D\) exactly \(\mu\) times. If \(0_G \not\in D\) and \(D\) is inverse-closed, then \(D\) is called regular. Regular partial difference sets are closely related to many other combinatorial objects, such as two-weight codes, two-intersection sets in finite geometry and strongly regular graphs. \vspace{0.1cm}\N\N\textit{B. Schmidt} and \textit{C. White} [Finite Fields Appl. 8, No. 1, 1--17 (2002; Zbl 1023.94016)] obtained a necessary and sufficient condition on \((q, N)\) under which the multiplicative subgroup of index \(N\) of the finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\) forms a regular PDS in the additive group of \(\mathbb{F}_q\). They also found \(11\) sporadic examples by a computer search aside from two known infinite families of PDS. In this paper, the authors study the problem of determining for which \((q, N)\), a union of multiple cosets of the multiplicative subgroup of index \(N\) of \(\mathbb{F}_q\), forms a regular PDS in the additive group of \(\mathbb{F}_q\). Building on the work of Schmidt and White [loc. cit.], they find a necessary and sufficient numerical condition on the parameters \((q, N)\) for unions of multiple cyclotomic classes to form regular PDS in \((\mathbb{F}_q, +).\) They apply the theorem to the situation where unions of a small number of classes are selected in a structured manner. They obtain a new infinite family of regular PDS not belonging to previously known families and two sporadic examples of regular PDS (one of which is new) with the help of computer research. For further research, the authors propose a conjecture analogous to the Schmidt-White conjecture [loc. cit.].
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