Patterns on numerical semigroups.

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Abstract: We introduce the notion of pattern for numerical semigroups, which allows us to generalize the definition of Arf numerical semigroups. In this way infinitely many other classes of numerical semigroups are defined giving a classification of the whole set of numerical semigroups. In particular, all semigroups can be arranged in an infinite non-stabilizing ascending chain whose first step consists just of the trivial semigroup and whose second step is the well known class of Arf semigroups. We escribe a procedure to compute the closure of a numerical semigroup with respect to a pattern. By using the concept of system of generators associated to a pattern we construct recursively a directed acyclic graph with all the semigroups admitting the pattern.


A pattern \(p\) of length \(n\) is a linear homogeneous polynomial with non-zero integer coefficients in \(n\) variables. A numerical semigroup \(\Lambda\) admits a pattern \(p\) if for every increasing sequence of elements in \(\Lambda\), \(s_i\), (\(1\leq i\leq n\)), \(p(s_1,\dots,s_n)\in\Lambda\). Those numerical semigroups admitting the pattern \(x_1+x_2-x_3\) are called Arf numerical semigroups. In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of pattern, which allows them to classify the whole set of numerical semigroups, arranging them in an infinite non-stabilizing ascending chain. Moreover they describe how to compute the closure of numerical semigroups with respect to patterns. Since both numerical and Arf numerical semigroups are widely used in coding theory, it could be expected some applications to this theory by using some of the described new semigroups.





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