Pcf and abelian groups

DOI10.1515/FORUM-2013-0119MaRDI QIDQ2855507zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors S. Shelah

Publication date 25 October 2013

Published in Forum Mathematicum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0710.0157

zbMATH Keywords

black boxcardinal arithmeticnegative partition relationspcftrivial dual conjecturetrivial endomorphism conjecture

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ordered sets and their cofinalities; pcf theory (03E04) Applications of set theory (03E75) Torsion-free groups, infinite rank (20K20) Automorphisms, homomorphisms, endomorphisms, etc. for abelian groups (20K30)

Abstract: We deal with some pcf investigations mostly motivated by abelian group theory problems and deal their applications to test problems (we expect reasonably wide applications). We prove almost always the existence of aleph_omega-free abelian groups with trivial dual, i.e. no non-trivial homomorphisms to the integers. This relies on investigation of pcf; more specifically, for this we prove that "almost always" there are F subseteq lambda^kappa which are quite free and has black boxes. The "almost always" means that there are strong restrictions on cardinal arithmetic if the universe fails this, the restrictions are "everywhere". Also we replace Abelian groups by R-modules, so in some sense our advantage over earlier results becomes clearer.

Review text

The author proves a powerful combinatorial result in ZFC, which he calls the black box trichotomy theorem. The immediate application target is the establishment in ZFC of the trivial dual conjecture \(\text{TDU}_{\aleph_\omega}\) for abelian groups. For \(\mu\) an uncountable cardinal, \(\text{TDU}_\mu\) is the following statement: There is a \(\mu\)-free abelian group G, necessarily of cardinality \(\geq\mu\), such that Hom(G, Z) = {0}. For \(\mu=\aleph_n\), \(\text{TDU}_\mu\) holds in ZFC [\textit{S. Shelah}, Cubo 9, No. 2, 59--79 (2007; Zbl 1144.03034)].NEWLINENEWLINE To the author's disappointment, the status of \(\text{TDU}_{\aleph_\omega}\) is still open. Yet, he is able to ``show that it is very hard for V not to give a positive answer; the failure of \(\text{TDU}_{\aleph_\omega}\) in ZFC places ``strong demands on cardinal arithmetic in many \(\beth_\delta\).NEWLINENEWLINE Here is a brief summary of the paper's contents: \S0 Background and basic definitions; \S1 Black box trichotomy theorem; \S2 Cases of weak GCH; \S3 Sufficient conditions for black box instances; \S4 \(\text{TDU}_\mu\) for R-modules.

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Cited in

(9)

• Quite free complicated abelian groups, pcf and black boxes
• Non-reflection of the bad set for \(\check{I}_\theta[\lambda]\) and pcf
• Lower bounds on coloring numbers from hardness hypotheses in pcf theory
• Diamonds
• Prescribing endomorphism algebras of \(\aleph_n\)-free modules.
• Was Ulam right? II: Small width and general ideals
• Quite free p-groups with trivial duality
• _n-free modules with trivial duals
• Diamond on ladder systems and countably metacompact topological spaces

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