Periodic Jacobi operators with complex coefficients

DOI10.4171/JST/357MaRDI QIDQ2247206zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 17 November 2021

Published in Journal of Spectral Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09206

discrete Schrödinger operator Hill discriminant inverse spectral problem periodic Jacobi operator spectrum three-term recurrence equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spectral theory of functional-differential operators (34K08) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Difference operators (39A70) Local spectral properties of linear operators (47A11) Linear difference operators (47B39)

Abstract: We present certain results on the direct and inverse spectral theory of the Jacobi operator with complex periodic coefficients. For instance, we show that any

N

-th degree polynomial whose leading coefficient is

(- 1)^{N}

is the Hill discriminant of finitely many discrete

N

-periodic Schr"{o}dinger operators (Theorem 1). Also, in the case where the spectrum is a closed interval we prove a result (Theorem 5) which is the analog of Borg's Theorem for the non-self-adjoint Jacobi case.

Review text

The subject of the paper is the spectral theory of the discrete periodic Jacobi operator \(L\) defined on \(\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})\): \[ (Lw)(n):=a(n)w(n+1)+a(n-1)w(n-1)+b(n)w(n), \quad n\in\mathbb{Z}, \] where the coefficients \(a(n)\neq0\) and \(b(n)\) are complex periodic sequences of a given period \(N\in\mathbb{N}\). This problem is studied by considering the second-order difference equation \[ (Lw)(n)=\lambda w(n), \quad n\in\mathbb{Z}, \quad \lambda\in\mathbb{C}. \tag{\(*\)} \] Special attention is given to the Floquet theory, certain classes of isospectral operators, the spectrum for the Dirichlet boundary condition at \(n=0\) and \(n=N\), the unperturbed operator \(\tilde L\), i.e., the operator \(L\) with \(a(n)\equiv-1\) and \(b(n)\equiv0\): \[ (\tilde Lw)(n):=-w(n+1)-w(n-1), \quad n\in\mathbb{Z}, \] the discrete Schrödinger operator \(L_{\mathrm{Schr}}\), i.e., the operator \(L\) with \(a(n)\equiv-1\): \[ (L_{\mathrm{Schr}}\,w)(n):=-w(n+1)-w(n-1)+b(n)w(n), \quad n\in\mathbb{Z}, \] and its discrete Hill discriminant, and the operator \(L\) having its spectrum in the form of a closed line segment. Several examples are discussed in details. When the coefficients are real-valued, the (symmetric) three-term difference equation (\(*\)) has been studied within the theory of symplectic difference systems, see e.g. [\textit{R. Šimon Hilscher} and \textit{V. Zeidan}, Adv. Difference Equ. 2010, Article ID 626942, 17 p. (2010; Zbl 1198.39002)] and references therein.

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