Perspectives of information systems
This book focuses on various issues in information systems and their development, as well as on the advanced utilization of new information technology. It includes both theoretical foundations and practical approaches for each related topic. The authors offer new perspectives on key topics in information systems research. The content is divided into seven parts. Part I and II provide the conceptual framework. First, the conceptual components of an information system are defined. These components, together with the principles of system-theoretical control structure and linguistic abstraction, are employed in constructing a hierarchical multilevel universal framework for the analysis, modelling, and evaluation of information systems and their relevance for information activities in an organization. Next, three reference frameworks for information system are compared and discussed. It follow an analysis of contingency factors and management of uncertainty in decision making in the introduction of information technology. Part IIII discusses Information System Development (ISD) methodologies, methods and tools. The OSSAD methodology was constructed to guide the analysis and design of office organizations and office support systems. The motivations for acquiring a tool to support tasks in information systems development are investigated. These results have been collected from real ISID projects. Part IV discusses Executive Information Systems (EIS). Various strategic decision-making problems are collected under the same framework as before. Classification of the results is token by type and strategic level. Key issues in the selection and introduction of EIS are the following: Can EIS match our managerial needs and support analytical decision making in an organization? How widely can they be introduced at the management level? Next step is analysing current practices in the field of management information systems and decision support systems. It is proposed the integration of decision capability into EIS, together with expert systems and knowledge-based systems technology. Part V discusses mobile computing. The concepts of the travelling executive and executive's mobile information system are defined. The expectations of the executives were also analyzed, especially concerning the mobile use of information technology services. Part VI concerns exception handling in an information system. Interactions, exceptions and interruptions are seen as basic characteristics of office information systems. The authors analyze the characteristics of exceptionality, reasons for exceptions, organizational influence of exceptions, and exception handling principles and practices in information systems. Part VII analyzes quality assurance and performance evaluation of information systems. Basic concepts are presented. Organizational, social, economic, and technical criteria for evaluation practices and user participation are analyzed. After that, graphic models are constructed and analyzed to illustrate the dynamic nature of the performance evaluation process and the gap between information system performance and user preferences. Finally, the whole process of performance evaluation of information systems is analyzed by describing critically one evaluation process in a large company. A generic model of criteria is constructed and assessment measures are identified.
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