Perturbation theory for convolution semigroups

\(\alpha \)-stable semigroup \(L^{1}\)-relative weakly compact perturbation characteristic exponent convolution semigroup Feynman-Kac formula Kato class measures relativistic Schrödinger semigroup subordinate Brownian semigroup subordination

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) Groups and semigroups of linear operators (47D03) Schrödinger and Feynman-Kac semigroups (47D08)

Review text

The paper under review is an extension in various directions of the results from the author's previous paper [J.~Funct.\ Anal.\ 256, No.\,6, 1998--2025 (2009; Zbl 1168.47035)] devoted to Schrödinger operators \(-\Delta+V\) with singular negative potentials \(V\). In the present paper, the author deals with the generators \(T_p\) of convolution semigroups (not necessarily symmetric) \[ S_p(t): L^p ({\mathbb R}^N)\to L^p ({\mathbb R}^N),\;f\mapsto \int f(x-y) m_t(dy), \] where \(\{m_t\}_{t\geq 0}\) are Borel sub-probability measures on \({\mathbb R}^N\) such that \(m_0 = \delta_0\) (Dirac measure), \(m_t \star m_s = m_{t+s}\) and \(m_t\to m_0\) (\(t\to 0_+\)). The typical examples of such functions are Gaussian semigroups, \(\alpha\)-stable semigroups, relativistic Schrödinger semigroups, etc. The author provides a general perturbation theory of their generators by real potentials \(V = V_+ - V_-\), where \(V_+, V_-\) are singular nonnegative measurable functions. In the investigation of \(L^1\)-perturbation theory, the smallness of the Kato norm with respect to \(T_1^+=T_1+V_+\) is substituted by the weaker assumption that \(V_-\) is \(T_1^+\)-weakly compact. This assumption implies the following spectral radius \(r_\sigma\) inequality \[ \lim_{\lambda\to\infty} r_\sigma[V_-(\lambda-T_1^+)^{-1}]<1. \] The proof of the generation result is based on Desch's theorem. Feynman-Kac formulas are also proved in this framework. In the \(L^2\) setting, Dirichlet form-perturbation theory is related to \(L^1\)-theory. Using interpolation arguments, it is shown (even in the non-symmetric case) how to extend corresponding semigroups to \(L^p\) spaces as a \(C_0\)-semigroup. Finally, various perturbation problems for subordinate semigroups and measure perturbations of the Hamiltonian \(T_2\) are considered.

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