Pivot duality of universal interpolation and extrapolation spaces

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2017.11.042MaRDI QIDQ1688839zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sven-Ake Wegner, Christian Bargetz

Publication date 11 January 2018

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.00763

zbMATH Keywords

\(C_0\)-semigroupinductive limitinterpolation spaceextrapolation spaceprojective limitLB-spacedual with respect to a pivot space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inductive and projective limits in functional analysis (46M40) Groups and semigroups of linear operators (47D03) Spaces defined by inductive or projective limits (LB, LF, etc.) (46A13)

Abstract: It is a widely used method, for instance in perturbation theory, to associate with a given C0-semigroup its so-called interpolation and extrapolation spaces. In the model case of the shift semigroup acting on L^2(R), the resulting chain of spaces recovers the classical Sobolev scale. In 2014, the second named author defined the universal interpolation space as the projective limit of the interpolation spaces and the universal extrapolation space as the completion of the inductive limit of the extrapolation spaces, provided that the latter is Hausdorff. In this note we use the notion of the dual with respect to a pivot space in order to show that the aforementioned inductive limit is Hausdorff, already complete, and can be represented as the dual of the projective limit whenever a power of the generator of the initial semigroup is a self-adjoint operator. In the case of the classical Sobolev scale we show that the duality holds, and that the two universal spaces were already studied by Laurent Schwartz in the 1950s. Our results and examples complement the approach of Haase, who in 2006 gave a different definition of universal extrapolation spaces in the context of functional calculi. Haase avoids the inductive limit topology precisely for the reason that it a priori cannot be guaranteed that the latter is always Hausdorff. We show that this is indeed the case provided that we start with a semigroup defined on a reflexive Banach space.

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Cited in

(1)

• Universal extrapolation spaces for \(C_0\)-semigroups

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