Polynomial solutions to Dirichlet problems
The Dirichlet problem \[ \Delta u(x,y)=0 \quad\text{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^2,\tag{1} \] \[ u(x,y)=f(x,y) \quad\text{on}\quad \psi(x,y)=0\tag{2} \] is considered where the functions \(f\) and \(\psi\) are polynomials. Let \(\mathcal{P}\) be the set of all polynomials, \(\mathcal{P}_m\) the set of polynomials of degree at most \(m\). The authors study the following Basic Problem. For a given polynomial \(\psi\), is there a polynomial solution \(u\in\mathcal{P}\) to the system (1)--(2) for any polynomial ``data \(f\in\mathcal{P}\)? They contrast this to the Restricted Problem. For a given polynomial \(\psi\), is there a polynomial solution \(u\in\mathcal{P}_m\) to the system (1)--(2) for any polynomial ``data \(f\in\mathcal{P}_m\)? This paper focuses on the Basic Problem in \(\mathbb{R}^2\). When one additionally requires the classical condition deg \(u\leq\deg f\), this forces deg \(\psi\leq 2\), and a complete classification is obtained. Some necessary conditions are obtained for the case deg \(\psi>2\).
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