Polynomial vector field on plane with given Lyapunov function
Inverse problems involving ordinary differential equations (34A55) Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Theory of limit cycles of polynomial and analytic vector fields (existence, uniqueness, bounds, Hilbert's 16th problem and ramifications) for ordinary differential equations (34C07) Stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D20)
The authors discuss the following inverse problem in the theory of differential equations. Let \(V: D\subset\mathbb R^2\to \mathbb R \) be an analytical function such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE V(x,y) = \sum\limits_{j\geq 2} f_j(x,y),\qquad f_2 = \lambda \tfrac 12(x^2+y^2),\tag{1} NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(f_j\) are homogeneous functions of degree \(j\) in variables \(x\) and~\(y\).\flushpar It is necessary to find the polynomial vector field \(\varGamma\) of degree~\(n\) NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\dot x =\sum_{j\geq 1}^n X_j(x,y)\equiv P(x,y), \quad X_1 = -\lambda y,\qquad \dot y =\sum_{j\geq 1}^n Y_j(x,y)\equiv Q(x,y), \quad Y_1 = \lambda x,\tag{2} NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(X_j\) are the homogeneous functions of degree \(j\) in variables \(x\) and \(y\) such that \(V\) is its Lyapunov function.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINERemark. In the local study of system (2) two problems are distinguished which are closely connected with one another. They are: the determination of the origin stability and the existence and number of local limit cycles around the origin.
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