Polynomials with small Mahler measure
Let \(f(x) = a_d \prod_{k=1}^d (x-\alpha_k)\) be a polynomial with integer coefficients. The Mahler measure of \(f\) is defined by \(M(f) = | a_d| \prod_{k=1}^d \max(1,| \alpha_k|)\). The reviewer [\textit{D. W. Boyd}, Math. Comput. 35, 1361--1377 (1980; Zbl 0447.12002) and ibid. 53, 355--357, S1--S5 (1989; Zbl 0684.12003)] computed all irreducible polynomials with \(1 < M(f) < 1.3\) of degree at most \(20\) and polynomials of height \(1\) (i.e. coefficients in \(\{-1,0,1\})\), \(1 < M(f) < 1.3\) and even degree at most \(30\). Here the author extends these computations to all irreducible \(f\) of degree at most \(24\) and to degree at most \(40\) for those of height \(1\). He also searches sets of sparse polynomials with a fixed number \(s \leq 19\) of coefficients equal to \(\pm 1\) and the rest \(0\) up to varying degrees depending on \(s\), e.g. for degree \(d \leq 181\) and \(s \leq 7\). Among the new discoveries are four Salem numbers less than \(1.3\), including one of degree \(46\), to add to the 43 polynomials found by the reviewer in [Duke Math. J. 44, 315--328 (1977; Zbl 0353.12003) and Math. Comput. 32, 1244--1260 (1978; Zbl 0395.12004)]. Recently, \textit{V. Flammang, M. Grandcolas} and \textit{G. Rhin} [in: Number Theory in Progress, 1997. Volume 1: Diophantine problems and polynomials. Berlin: de Gruyter, 165--168 (1999; Zbl 0935.11038)] have proved that this list of small Salem numbers is complete up to degree \(40\). Another interesting discovery is a new small limit point of Mahler's measure: \(M(f(x,y)) = 1.3090983\dots\), where \(f(x,y) = x^2 y(y=1) + x(y^4-y^2+1) + y^2(y+1)\). This is only the fourth such polynomial of two variables with measure less than \(\theta_0 = 1.3247\dots\), the smallest Pisot number, which is a lower bound for the measures of non-reciprocal polynomials by a result of \textit{C. J. Smyth} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 3, 169--175 (1971; Zbl 0235.12003)]. Three useful tables are included in the printed version but more extensive and up-to-date tables can be found at the author's web site.
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