Porosity of ill-posed problems
Let \(X\) be a completely regular topological space and \(f: X\to \mathbb{R}\cup\{+\infty\}\) be an extended real-valued function which is bounded from below and proper (\(\text{dom }f= \{x\in X: f(x)< +\infty\}\) is not empty). The problem is to minimize \(f\) on \(X\). Such a problem \((X,f)\) is said to be (Tykhonov) well-posed if it has a unique solution \(x_0\) to which every minimizing sequence converges (such sequence for which \(f(x_n)\to \text{inf}(X,f)\)) for \((X,f)\). Let \((Z,\rho)\) be a metric space and \(A\) a subset of \(Z\). The set \(A\) is said to be porous in \(Z\) if there exist \(\lambda_0\in (0,+1\rangle\) and \(r_0> 0\) such that for any \(x\in Z\) and \(r\in (0,r_0\rangle\) there exists \(y\in Z\) such that \(B(y,\lambda_0 r)\subset B(x,r)\cap z\setminus A\), where \(B(z,t)\) denotes the open ball in \(Z\) with the centre \(z\) and radius \(t>0\). The set \(A\) is called \(\sigma\)-porous in \(Z\) if it can be represented as a countable union of porous sets in \(Z\). In the paper it is proved that for such optimization problems the complement of the set of well-posed problems is \(\sigma\)-porous.
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