Positive solutions for fourth-order singular nonlinear differential equation with variable-coefficient

Singular nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B16) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18) Green's functions for ordinary differential equations (34B27) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Applications of operator theory to differential and integral equations (47N20)

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The authors discuss the existence of positive periodic solutions for the nonlinear differential equation of fourth order of the form NEWLINENEWLINE\[NEWLINEx^{(4)} + a(t){x}' + b(t){x} + c(t){x}' + d(t)x = f(t,x) + e(t),\tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINEwhere the functions \(a\), \(b\), \(c\), \(d\in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^ + )\) are \(\omega\)-periodic functions, \(e \in L^1(\mathbb{R})\) is an \(\omega\)-periodic function, and \(f \in\mathrm{Car}(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^ + ,\mathbb{R})\) is a \(L^2\)-Carathéodory function, \(\omega\)-periodic in the first variable. The authors prove some existence theorems for positive periodic solutions of (1) by means of the Green's function, Leray-Schauder type and Schauder's fixed-point theorem. The obtained results extend and improve some related results obtained in the literature.

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