Positive solutions for nonlinear periodic problems with concave terms

Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations (34B09) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Variational principles in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E30)

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The paper deals with the following parametric periodic problem driven by the scalar \(p\)-Laplacian \[ -(|u'(t)|^{p-2}u'(t))'=\lambda|u(t)|^{q-2}u(t)+f(t,u(t)),\quad u(0)=u(b),\, u'(0)=u'(b), \] where \(1<q<p<\infty\), \(\lambda>0\), \(u>0\) and \(f(t,x)\) is a Carathéodory perturbation whose potential exhibits a \(p\)-superlinear growth near \(+\infty\). Here, \(\lambda|x|^{q-2}x\) is a parametric term which is \((p-1)\)-sublinear. Without using the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition, the authors establish the nonexistence, existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the above problem as the parameter \(\lambda\) varies. They prove a bifurcation-type result, establishing the existence of a critical parameter value \(\lambda^*>0\) such that, for all \(\lambda\in (0,\lambda^*)\), the problem has at least two positive solutions; for \(\lambda=\lambda^*\), it has at least one positive solution; and for all \(\lambda>\lambda^*\), it has no positive solution. A variational approach, based on critical point theory, and suitable truncation techniques is used here.

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