Positively convex spaces

DOI10.1023/A:1008624730387MaRDI QIDQ1273639zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 23 March 1999

Published in Applied Categorical Structures (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008624730387

finitely positively convex space regularly normed Banach space separated positively convex space

Monads (= standard construction, triple or triad), algebras for monads, homology and derived functors for monads (18C15) Ordered normed spaces (46B40) Axiomatic and generalized convexity (52A01) Convex sets without dimension restrictions (aspects of convex geometry) (52A05) Convex sets in topological vector spaces (aspects of convex geometry) (52A07)

Review text

If \(E\) is a regularly ordered normed linear space [cf. \textit{E. B. Davies}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 131, 544-555 (1968; Zbl 0159.41503)] with order cone \(C\) and closed unit ball \(O(E)\), then \(\Delta(E):= C\cap O(E)\) is closed under (finite) positively convex combinations. This means that for any \(x_i\in \Delta(E)\), \(1\leq i\leq n\), and \(\alpha_i\geq 0\), \(1\leq i\leq n\), with \(\sum^n_{i=1} \alpha_i= 1\), \(\sum^n_{i=1}\alpha_i x_i\in\Delta(E)\) follows. A finitely positively convex space [cf. \textit{D. Pumplün}, Result. Math. 7, 85-112 (1984; Zbl 0587.46059)] is a natural generalization of these sets \(\Delta(E)\): It consists of a set \(M\) admitting the same operations with the same formal rules, but the operations are not necessarily induced by a vector space. This means that for any \(\alpha_i\geq 0\), \(\sum^n_{i=1} \alpha_i= 1\) and \(x_i\in M\), \(1\leq i\leq n\), a formal sum \(\sum^n_{i=1} \alpha_i x_i\in M\) is defined and that these sums satisfy the usual computational laws of convex combinations. Finitely positively spaces together with affine mapping between them constitute the category \({\mathbf P}{\mathbf C}_{{\mathbf f}{\mathbf i}{\mathbf n}}\). A positively convex space is a set \(M\) obeying the same axioms with respect to countably positively convex combinations, i.e. the operations (positively convex combinations) consist of formal sums \(\sum^\infty_{i=1}\alpha_i x_i\in M\), for any \(x_i\in M\), \(i\in\mathbb{N}\), \(\alpha_i\geq 0\), \(i\in\mathbb{N}\), with \(\sum^\infty_{i=1} \alpha_i= 1\). These, together with countably affine mappings, give rise to the category \({\mathbf P}{\mathbf C}\) of positively convex spaces. Paradigmatic examples of positively convex spaces are the sets \(\Delta(E)\), where \(E\) is a complete ordered normed linear space, also called ``regularly ordered Banach space. The ordered normed linear spaces together with positive linear contractions form the category \({\mathbf V}{\mathbf e}{\mathbf c}^+_1\), likewise the regularly ordered Banach spaces the category \({\mathbf B}{\mathbf a}{\mathbf n}^+_1\). The \(\Delta(E)\)'s, \(E\in{\mathbf V}{\mathbf e}{\mathbf c}^+_1\) or \(E\in{\mathbf B}{\mathbf a}{\mathbf n}^+_1\), induce functors \(\Delta: {\mathbf V}{\mathbf e}{\mathbf c}^+_1\to {\mathbf P}{\mathbf C}_{{\mathbf f}{\mathbf i}{\mathbf n}}\), \(\Delta: {\mathbf B}{\mathbf a}{\mathbf n}^+_1\to {\mathbf P}{\mathbf C}\). For any \(C\in{\mathbf P}{\mathbf C}_{{\mathbf f}{\mathbf i}{\mathbf n}}\) or \(C\in{\mathbf P}{\mathbf C}\), there is a universal affine mapping \(\sigma_C: C\to \Delta(E)\), where \(E\in{\mathbf V}{\mathbf e}{\mathbf c}^+_1\) or \(E\in{\mathbf B}{\mathbf a}{\mathbf n}^+_1\), respectively [cf. \textit{D. Pumplün}, loc. cit.]. The author gives a new and very natural condition for \(\sigma_C\) to be an embedding. He introduces a canonical semimetric \(d(x,y)\) on any (finitely) positively convex space and proves that \(\sigma_C\) is an embedding if and only if \(d(x,y)\) is a metric. This is a considerable improvement of previously known conditions [\textit{F. Mayer}, ``Positiv konvexe Räume, Ph. D. thesis, Fernuniversität, Hagen (1993; Zbl 0857.46047) and \textit{A. Wickenhäuser}, ``Positively convex spaces. II, Seminarberichte, FB Mathematik, 32, 53-105, Fernuniversität, Hagen (1988)].

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