Power means with integer values

DOI10.4171/EM/123MaRDI QIDQ835325zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ralph Høibakk, D. Lukkassen

Publication date 28 August 2009

Published in Elemente der Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.4171/em/123

zbMATH Keywords

Fermat type equationsQuadratic equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quadratic and bilinear Diophantine equations (11D09) Higher degree equations; Fermat's equation (11D41)

Review text

Let \(a\) and \(b\) be two positive real numbers. The authors let \(A=(a+b)/2,~G={\sqrt{ab}},~H=2ab/(a+b)\) be the classical arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means. They also let \(P_k=((a^k+b^k)/2)^{1/k}\) whenever \(k\neq 0\). Their main motivation is to characterize pairs of positive integers such that one or several of the above means are integer valued. For example, they show that if \(k\) is an integer with \(|k|\geq 3\), then \(P_k\) is not an integer when \(a\) and \(b\) are positive integers. They characterize pairs \((a,b)\) of positive integers such that \(H\) is an integer, as well as pairs \((a,b)\) of positive integers such that \(A,~G,~H\) are all integers. They also characterize pairs of positive integers \((a,b)\) such that \(P_k\) is an integer, when \(k\in \{-2,2\}\). Their main tools are the (elementary) characterization of triples \((x,y,z)\) of positive integers such that \(x^2+y^2=2z^2\), as well as the non-elementary result that the equation \(x^n+y^n=2z^n\) has no solution in positive integers \((x,y,z)\) when \(n\geq 3\) due to Ribet, Darmon and Merel.

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Cited in

(3)

• Geometric construction of some Lehmer means
• Generalized chessboard structures whose effective conductivities are integer valued
• Nonlinear laminates where the effective conductivity is integer valued

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