Preserving closedness of operators under summation

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2014.03.023MaRDI QIDQ2512396zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 7 August 2014

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.3462

functional calculus maximal regularity sectorial operators sum of commuting operators

Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Abstract parabolic equations (35K90) Functional calculus for linear operators (47A60) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06)

Abstract: We give a sufficient condition for the sum of two closed operators to be closed. In particular, we study the sum of two sectorial operators with the sum of their sectoriality angles greater than

p i

. We show that if one of the operators admits bounded

H^{i n f t y}

-calculus and the resolvent of the other operator satisfies a boundedness condition stronger than the standard sectoriality, but weaker than the bounded imaginary powers property in the case of UMD spaces, then the sum is closed. We apply the result to the abstract parabolic problem and give a sufficient condition for

L^{p}

-maximal regularity.

Review text

Given two unbounded linear operators \(A, B\) that are sectorial and resolvent commuting, an important question in operator theory is to establish whether or not the sum \(A+B\) is closed. Positive results to this problem are not only theoretically satisfying, but also have useful PDE applications, in particular, to obtain maximal regularity estimates for linear parabolic problems. The two most well-known results are due to \textit{G. Dore} and \textit{A. Venni} [Math. Z. 196, 189--201 (1987; Zbl 0615.47002)], and to \textit{N. J. Kalton} and \textit{L. Weis} [Math. Ann. 321, No. 2, 319--345 (2001; Zbl 0992.47005)]. Dore and Venni showed that a sufficient condition, in UMD Banach spaces, is that both operators have bounded imaginary powers (BIP). Kalton and Weis showed that, in a general Banach space \(X\), \(A+B\) is closed if one of the operators has a bounded holomorphic functional calculus (a condition stronger than BIP), while the other is R-sectorial (a condition weaker than BIP). The paper under review presents a version of this result, where the R-sectoriality is replaced by the following T-sectoriality (with angle \(\theta \in [0,\pi)\)) condition: \[ \begin{multlined} \forall n \in \mathbb{N} \;\forall r \in [e^{-1},1] \;\forall \phi \in [-\theta,\theta] \;\forall x_{0},\dots,x_{n} \in X\;\exists C>0 \;\exists a_{0},\dots,a_{n} \in \{f \in L^{\infty}(0,2\pi) : \|f\|_{\infty}\leq 1\}\\ \left\| t \mapsto \sum \limits _{k=0} ^{n} e^{ikt} (I+re^{-k+i\phi}A)^{-1}x_{k}\right\|_{L^{2}((0,2\pi);X)} \leq C \left\| t \mapsto \sum \limits _{k=0} ^{n} a_{k}(t)x_{k}\right\|_{L^{2}((0,2\pi);X)}.\end{multlined} \] This new condition is not directly compared to R-sectoriality, but Theorem 3.1, combined with \textit{L. Weis}' characterisation of maximal regularity [Math. Ann. 319, No. 4, 735--758 (2001; Zbl 0989.47025)] shows that, for generators of analytic semigroups on UMD spaces, the two notions coincide. In this context, the paper thus gives a new proof of Kalton-Weis' result. This new proof uses Kalton-Weis' ideas, but is based on direct estimates using the representation formula of \textit{G. da Prato} and \textit{P. Grisvard} [J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 54, 305--387 (1975; Zbl 0315.47009)] for the inverse of \(\overline{A+B}\) rather than the more conceptual unconditionality lemma by Kalton and Weis [loc. cit., Lemma 4.1]. This makes the present version of the proof more technical than the original, but possibly more flexible.

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