Prevalence of hyperbolicity for complex singular cycles
The authors consider two kinds of cycles arising for vector fields defined on a \(C^\infty\), 3-dimensional, compact, connected, boundaryless, Riemannian manifold \(M\). By a cycle for the vector field \(X\) on \(M\) the authors mean a compact, invariant set \(\Gamma \subset M\) formed by: 1. A finite number of singularities and periodic orbits \(\Gamma_0= \{\sigma_0, \dots, \sigma_n\}\). 2. The complement \(\Gamma_1= (\Gamma \setminus \Gamma_0)\) is a set of regular trajectories of \(X\) that satisfies: (a) for any trajectory \(\gamma \subset \Gamma_1\), there exists \(0\leq i\leq n\) such that \(\omega (\gamma) \subset \sigma_{(i+1) \bmod (n+1)}\) and \(\alpha (\gamma) \subset \sigma_i\); (b) given \(0\leq i\leq n\), there exists a trajectory \(\gamma \subset \Gamma_1\) such that \(\omega (\gamma) \subset \sigma_{(i+1) \bmod (n+1)}\) and \(\alpha (\gamma) \subset \sigma_i\). (Here \(\omega (\gamma)\) (resp. \(\alpha (\gamma))\) denotes the \(\omega\)-limit set (resp. \(\alpha\)-limit set) of \(\gamma.)\) The two kinds of cycles considered here are singular (that is, they contain a singularity) and hyperbolic (all their critical elements are hyperbolic) and are defined in the following way: The first one contains a unique singularity \(\sigma_0(X)\) a periodic orbit \(\sigma_1(X)\), and trajectories: \[ \gamma(X) \subset W^u \bigl(\sigma_0 (X)\bigr) \cap W^s \bigl(\sigma_1 (X)\bigr), \quad \Theta(X) \subset W^u \bigl(\sigma_1(X) \bigr) \cap W^s \bigl( \sigma_0 (X)\bigr). \] The second one contains a unique singularity \(\sigma_0(X)\) and a trajectory: \[ \gamma(X) \subset W^u \bigl(\sigma_0 (X)\bigr) \cap W^s \bigl(\sigma_0(X) \bigr). \] The authors prove that, under some generic conditions, any one parameter family of vector fields passing through these cycles has the property that hyperbolicity is a prevalent phenomenon that is: prevalence of hyperbolicity in a relative neighbourhood of a complex singular cycle. The techniques which are used here were introduced by \textit{B. San Martin} [`Saddle-Focus singular cycles and prevalence of hyperbolicity' (Preprint)].
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