Primitive prime divisors in zero orbits of polynomials

DOI10.1515/INTEGERS-2011-0117MaRDI QIDQ2898399zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kevin Doerksen, Anna Haensch

Publication date 11 July 2012

Published in Integers (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.3971, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.765.8351, http://www.integers-ejcnt.org/vol12.html

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zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic dynamicsorbitspolynomial mapsprimitive prime divisorsrigid divisibility sequences

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05)

Abstract: Let $(b_n)=(b_1,b_2,\mathrm{...})$ be a sequence of integers. A primitive prime divisor of a term $b_k$ is a prime which divides $b_k$ but does not divide any of the previous terms of the sequence. A zero orbit of a polynomial $f(z)$ is a sequence of integers $(c_n)$ where the $n$-th term is the $n$-th iterate of $f$ at 0. We consider primitive prime divisors of zero orbits of polynomials. In this note, we show that for integers $c$ and $d$, where $d>1$ and $ceqpm1$, every iterate in the zero orbit of $f(z)=z^d+c$ contains a primitive prime whenever zero has an infinite orbit. If $c=pm1$, then every iterate after the first contains a primitive prime.

Review text

The authors study primitive prime divisors in the orbit of zero under iterated application of a unicritical polynomial \(\varphi(z) = z^d+c\), with \(c,d \in \mathbb{Z}\). The main theorem states that, when \(d \geq 2\) and \(0\) is a wandering point of \(\varphi\), then \(\varphi^n(0)\) has a primitive prime divisor for all \(n \geq 1\), except of course for \(n = 1\) when \(c = \pm 1\). (Zero is not wandering exactly when \(c=0\), or \(c=-1\) and \(d\) is even, or \(c=-2\) and \(d=2\).) Here, a primitive prime divisor is a prime that divides \(\varphi^n(0)\) but not \(\varphi^k(0)\) for any \(k < n\). This improves a theorem of \textit{B. Rice} [Integers 7, No. 1, A26, 16 p. (2007; Zbl 1165.11028)]. The proof is based on Rice's observation that these sequences are rigid divisibility sequences.

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