Principal Stratification Analysis Using Principal Scores
From MaRDI portal
Abstract: Practitioners are interested in not only the average causal effect of the treatment on the outcome but also the underlying causal mechanism in the presence of an intermediate variable between the treatment and outcome. However, in many cases we cannot randomize the intermediate variable, resulting in sample selection problems even in randomized experiments. Therefore, we view randomized experiments with intermediate variables as semi-observational studies. In parallel with the analysis of observational studies, we provide a theoretical foundation for conducting objective causal inference with an intermediate variable under the principal stratification framework, with principal strata defined as the joint potential values of the intermediate variable. Our strategy constructs weighted samples based on principal scores, defined as the conditional probabilities of the latent principal strata given covariates, without access to any outcome data. This principal stratification analysis yields robust causal inference without relying on any model assumptions on the outcome distributions. We also propose approaches to conducting sensitivity analysis for violations of the ignorability and monotonicity assumptions, the very crucial but untestable identification assumptions in our theory. When the assumptions required by the classical instrumental variable analysis cannot be justified by background knowledge or cannot be made because of scientific questions of interest, our strategy serves as a useful alternative tool to deal with intermediate variables. We illustrate our methodologies by using two real data examples, and find scientifically meaningful conclusions.
Recommendations
Cited in
(65)- Causal inference: a missing data perspective
- Identifiability of causal effects on a binary outcome within principal strata
- Identification of causal effects within principal strata using auxiliary variables
- Assessing treatment effect through compliance score in randomized trials with noncompliance
- Sharp instruments for classifying compliers and generalizing causal effects
- Identifying and estimating principal causal effects in a multi-site trial of early college high schools
- Principal stratification in causal inference
- Randomization-based inference within principal strata
- Augmented designs to assess principal strata direct effects
- Estimating causal effects of air quality regulations using principal stratification for spatially correlated multivariate intermediate outcomes
- Principal stratification with predictors of compliance for randomized trials with 2 active treatments
- Sensitivity Analysis for Principal Stratum Direct Effects, with an Application to a Study of Physical Activity and Coronary Heart Disease
- Principal ignorability in mediation analysis: through and beyond sequential ignorability
- Endogenous treatment effect for any response conditional on control propensity score
- Conditional Separable Effects
- A mixed model approach to estimate the survivor average causal effect in cluster-randomized trials
- Sensitivity of estimands in clinical trials with imperfect compliance
- Sensitivity analysis for principal ignorability violation in estimating complier and noncomplier average causal effects
- Defining estimands in clinical trials: a unified procedure
- Sensitivity analyses for average treatment effects when outcome is censored by death in instrumental variable models
- Assessing the ratio of means as a causal estimand in clinical endpoint bioequivalence studies in the presence of intercurrent events
- Using principal stratification in analysis of clinical trials
- Handling parametric assumptions in principal causal effect estimation using Gaussian mixtures
- Translating questions to estimands in randomized clinical trials with intercurrent events
- Bayesian inference for a principal stratum estimand to assess the treatment effect in a subgroup characterized by postrandomization event occurrence
- Estimating average treatment effects for clustered RCTs with recruitment bias
- Policy Learning with Asymmetric Counterfactual Utilities
- Identification and estimation of causal effects in the presence of confounded principal strata
- Principal quantile treatment effect estimation using principal scores
- Multiply robust estimation for causal survival analysis with treatment noncompliance
- Principal stratification with continuous post-treatment variables: nonparametric identification and semiparametric estimation
- Identification and multiply robust estimation in causal mediation analysis across principal strata
- Doubly robust estimation and sensitivity analysis with outcomes truncated by death in multi-arm clinical trials
- Improving instrumental variable estimators with poststratification
- Manipulating an Instrumental Variable in an Observational Study of Premature Babies: Design, Bounds, and Inference
- Causal inference for first non-fatal events with the competing risk of death: a principal stratification approach
- The subtype-free average causal effect for heterogeneous disease etiology
- Addressing selection bias in cluster randomized experiments via weighting
- Inference for cumulative incidences and treatment effects in randomized controlled trials with time-to-event outcomes under ICH E9 (R1)
- Semiparametric estimation of relative causal effects in randomized controlled trials with noncompliance
- Outcomes truncated by death in RCTs: a simulation study on the survivor average causal effect
- It is never too LATE: a new look at local average treatment effects with or without defiers
- Matching methods for truncation by death problems
- Authors' reply to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment'
- Priyantha Wijayatunga's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to the pretrial safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Tyler VanderWeele's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Kuldeep Kumar's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human-decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Victor Richmond Jose's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Jane Luise Hutton's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Eugenie Hunsicker's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Efrén Cruz Cortés and Debashis Ghosh's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human-decision making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Mats Stensrud, Vanessa Didelez and Aaron Sarvet's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Aaron Sarvet and Mats Stensrud's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Pier Luigi Conti's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Peng Ding's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Andre Python's contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Seconder of the vote of thanks and contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Proposer of the vote of thanks and contribution to the discussion of `Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment' by Imai et al.
- Experimental evaluation of algorithm-assisted human decision-making: application to pretrial public safety assessment
- Sensitivity analysis for constructing optimal regimes in the presence of treatment non-compliance and two active treatments
- Causal mediation analysis with multiple mediators in the presence of treatment noncompliance
- Causal inference over a subpopulation: the effect of malaria vaccine in women during pregnancy
- Bayesian inference for cluster-randomized trials with multivariate outcomes subject to both truncation by death and missingness
- Comparing principal stratification and selection models in parametric causal inference with nonignorable missingness
- Estimating the principal stratum direct effect when the total effects are consistent between two standard populations
This page was built for publication: Principal Stratification Analysis Using Principal Scores
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q5743242)
