Causal inference: a missing data perspective
From MaRDI portal
Abstract: Inferring causal effects of treatments is a central goal in many disciplines. The potential outcomes framework is a main statistical approach to causal inference, in which a causal effect is defined as a comparison of the potential outcomes of the same units under different treatment conditions. Because for each unit at most one of the potential outcomes is observed and the rest are missing, causal inference is inherently a missing data problem. Indeed, there is a close analogy in the terminology and the inferential framework between causal inference and missing data. Despite the intrinsic connection between the two subjects, statistical analyses of causal inference and missing data also have marked differences in aims, settings and methods. This article provides a systematic review of causal inference from the missing data perspective. Focusing on ignorable treatment assignment mechanisms, we discuss a wide range of causal inference methods that have analogues in missing data analysis, such as imputation, inverse probability weighting and doubly-robust methods. Under each of the three modes of inference--Frequentist, Bayesian, and Fisherian randomization--we present the general structure of inference for both finite-sample and super-population estimands, and illustrate via specific examples. We identify open questions to motivate more research to bridge the two fields.
Recommendations
Cites work
- A Bayesian approach to improved estimation of causal effect predictiveness for a principal surrogate endpoint
- A Generalization of Sampling Without Replacement From a Finite Universe
- A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity
- A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with a sustained exposure period—application to control of the healthy worker survivor effect
- Addressing complications of intention-to-treat analysis in the combined presence of all-or-none treatment-noncompliance and subsequent missing outcomes
- Adjusting for Nonignorable Drop-Out Using Semiparametric Nonresponse Models
- Adjusting Treatment Effect Estimates by Post-Stratification in Randomized Experiments
- Agnostic notes on regression adjustments to experimental data: reexamining Freedman's critique
- Analysis of Semiparametric Regression Models for Repeated Outcomes in the Presence of Missing Data
- Analyzing a randomized experiment with imperfect compliance and ignorable conditions for missing data: theoretical and computational issues
- Analyzing a randomized trial on breast self-examination with noncompliance and missing outcomes
- Asymptotic Distribution of P Values in Composite Null Models
- Augmented designs to assess principal strata direct effects
- Balancing covariates via propensity score weighting
- Bayesian data analysis.
- Bayesian inference for causal effects in randomized experiments with noncompliance
- Bayesian inference for causal effects: The role of randomization
- Bayesian inference for causal mediation effects using principal stratification with dichotomous mediators and outcomes
- Bayesian inference for partially identified models. Exploring the limits of limited data
- Bayesianly justifiable and relevant frequency calculations for the applied statistician
- Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects
- Biased sampling, over-identified parameter problems and beyond
- Bounding the probability of causation in mediation analysis
- Bounds on Causal Effects in Three-Arm Trials With Non-Compliance
- Causal inference for statistics, social, and biomedical sciences. An introduction
- Causal inference through potential outcomes and principal stratification: application to studies with ``censoring due to death
- Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes
- Causal Inference With General Treatment Regimes
- Causal Inference Without Counterfactuals
- Clarifying missing at random and related definitions, and implications when coupled with exchangeability
- Coarsened Propensity Scores and Hybrid Estimators for Missing Data and Causal Inference
- Convergence rates and asymptotic normality for series estimators
- Covariance adjustment in radomized experiments and observational studies
- Covariate balancing propensity score
- Dealing with limited overlap in estimation of average treatment effects
- Demystifying double robustness: a comparison of alternative strategies for estimating a population mean from incomplete data
- Design of observational studies
- Do debit cards increase household spending? Evidence from a semiparametric causal analysis of a survey
- Doubly Robust Estimation in Missing Data and Causal Inference Models
- Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score
- EM algorithm in Gaussian copula with missing data
- Evaluating Candidate Principal Surrogate Endpoints
- Evaluating the causal effect of university grants on student dropout: evidence from a regression discontinuity design using principal stratification
- Evaluating the Effect of Training on Wages in the Presence of Noncompliance, Nonemployment, and Missing Outcome Data
- Exact and asymptotically robust permutation tests
- Extensions of the Penalized Spline of Propensity Prediction Method of Imputation
- Flexible imputation of missing data.
- For objective causal inference, design trumps analysis
- High-dimensional regression adjustments in randomized experiments
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3567782 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1487684 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 947414 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1834445 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 845714 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5274806 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3336465 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2222305 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3080959 (Why is no real title available?)
- Identifiability and estimation of causal effects by principal stratification with outcomes truncated by death
- Identifiability and Estimation of Causal Effects in Randomized Trials with Noncompliance and Completely Nonignorable Missing Data
- Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects
- Identification of causal effects in the presence of nonignorable missing outcome values
- Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables
- Inconsistency of the Bootstrap when a Parameter is on the Boundary of the Parameter Space
- Inference and missing data
- Inference on treatment effects after selection among high-dimensional controls
- Inverse Probability Tilting for Moment Condition Models with Missing Data
- Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects
- Lasso adjustments of treatment effect estimates in randomized experiments
- Likelihood-Based Analysis of Causal Effects of Job-Training Programs Using Principal Stratification
- Matched Sampling for Causal Effects
- Matching methods for causal inference: a review and a look forward
- Mathematical statistics. Basic ideas and selected topics. Volume I
- Missing treatments
- Mostly harmless econometrics. An empiricist's companion.
- Observational studies.
- On the application of probability theory to agricultural experiments. Essay on principles. Section 9. Translated from the Polish and edited by D. M. Dąbrowska and T. P. Speed
- On the Role of the Propensity Score in Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects
- Partial identification of functionals of the joint distribution of ``potential outcomes
- Posterior predictive \(p\)-values
- Principal Stratification Analysis Using Principal Scores
- Principal stratification in causal inference
- Program evaluation and causal inference with high-dimensional data
- Randomization inference for treatment effect variation
- Randomization-based inference within principal strata
- Recursive partitioning for heterogeneous causal effects
- Robust Models in Probability Sampling
- Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error
- Sampling-Based Approaches to Calculating Marginal Densities
- Sensitivity analysis for certain permutation inferences in matched observational studies
- Sharp bounds on the causal effects in randomized experiments with ``truncation-by-death
- Sharp bounds on the distribution of treatment effects and their statistical inference
- Simple relations between principal stratification and direct and indirect effects
- Stable weights that balance covariates for estimation with incomplete outcome data
- Statistics and Causal Inference
- The Calculation of Posterior Distributions by Data Augmentation
- The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
- The fragility of standard inferential approaches in principal stratification models relative to direct likelihood approaches
- The Large-Sample Power of Tests Based on Permutations of Observations
- The role of the propensity score in estimating dose-response functions
- Three Occurrences of the Hyperbolic-Secant Distribution
- Treatment effects: a Bayesian perspective
- Using Multivariate Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Control Bias in Observational Studies
- Using Post-Outcome Measurement Information in Censoring-by-Death Problems
- What are the limits of posterior distributions arising from nonidentified models, and why should we care?
- What is meant by ``missing at random?
Cited in
(36)- Non-causality: The role of the omitted variables
- Bayesian method for causal inference in spatially-correlated multivariate time series
- Identification of causal effects within principal strata using auxiliary variables
- A multiple imputation procedure for record linkage and causal inference to estimate the effects of home-delivered meals
- Covariate balancing functional propensity score for functional treatments in cross-sectional observational studies
- Using causal diagrams to guide analysis in missing data problems
- Efficacy studies of malaria treatments in Africa: efficient estimation with missing indicators of failure
- Predicting Cause-Effect Relationships from Incomplete Discrete Observations
- Direct and Indirect Causal Effects via Potential Outcomes*
- Statistical approaches for causal inference
- Causal inference with confounders missing not at random
- The comparisons of causal effect estimation methods at missing at random
- Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes
- Improved Neymanian analysis for 2K factorial designs with binary outcomes
- Multiply robust estimation of the average treatment effect with missing outcomes
- Estimating the effects of a California gun control program with multitask Gaussian processes
- The Generalized Oaxaca-Blinder Estimator
- Bayesian causal inference with bipartite record linkage
- Inference in coarsened time series via generalized method of moments
- A practical introduction to Bayesian estimation of causal effects: parametric and nonparametric approaches
- Evaluating causal effects on time-to-event outcomes in an rct in oncology with treatment discontinuation
- Assessing causal effects in the presence of treatment switching through principal stratification
- Learning causal effect of physical activity distribution: an application of functional treatment effect estimation with unmeasured confounding
- Bayesian nonparametric trees for principal causal effects
- Causal inference with outcomes truncated by death and missing not at random
- Sensitivity Analysis for Quantiles of Hidden Biases in Matched Observational Studies
- Multiply robust Bayesian procedures for causal inference problems
- A Bayesian analysis of two-stage randomized experiments in the presence of interference, treatment nonadherence, and missing outcomes
- Matching-assisted power prior for incorporating real-world data in randomized clinical trial analysis
- Causal and counterfactual views of missing data models
- Conceptualizing Experimental Controls Using the Potential Outcomes Framework
- A review of causal decision making
- Quantile-adaptive distributional Granger causal model for high-dimensional time series
- Bayesian safe policy learning with chance constrained optimization: application to military security assessment during the Vietnam War
- Conceptual, computational and inferential benefits of the missing data perspective in applied and theoretical statistical problems
- Propensity score weighting for causal inference with multiple treatments
This page was built for publication: Causal inference: a missing data perspective
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q1799347)
