Observational studies.
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An observational study is an empirical investigation of the effects caused by a treatment, policy, or intervention, in which it is not possible to assign subjects at random to treatments or controls, as would be done in controlled experiments. Observational studies are common in most fields that study the effects of treatments on people. This second edition is about 50 percent longer than the first one from 1995, see Zbl 0851.62081, with many new examples and methods. There are new chapters on nonadditive models for treatment effects (Chapter 5) and planning observational studies (Chapter 11). Chapter 1 defines the subject more carefully, presents several observational studies, and briefly indicates some of the issues that structure the subject. The statistical theory of randomized experiments is reviewed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 discusses the simplest of analytical adjustments and examines the circumstances under which the adjustments succeed. Chapter 4 discusses sensitivity analyses that ask how the findings of a study might be altered by hidden biases for various magnitudes. Chapter 5 discusses models for treatment effects and illustrates their use in sensitivity analysis. Chapters 6 through 8 concern attempts to detect hidden biases using devices. Chapter 9 concerns coherence in observational studies, a concept that falls somewhere between attempts to detect hidden bias and sensitivity analyses. It has been extensively rewritten. Chapter 10 discusses methods and algorithms for matching and stratification for observed covariates. The planning of observational studies is discussed in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 discusses the relationships between the design of an observational study and its intended audience. This book is extremely useful to researchers and graduate students in the biomedical and social sciences.
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(only showing first 100 items - show all)- Sensitivity analysis for stratified comparisons in an observational study of the effect of smoking on homocysteine levels
- Quintile stratification based on a misspecified propensity score in longitudinal treatment effectiveness analyses of ordinal doses
- Missing data imputation, matching and other applications of random recursive partitioning
- Cox proportional hazards models with frailty for negatively correlated employment processes
- False discovery rate control for effect modification in observational studies
- Optimal multilevel matching using network flows: an application to a summer reading intervention
- Robust and efficient estimation for the treatment effect in causal inference and missing data problems
- Multiple comparisons for survival data with propensity score adjustment
- Bayesian approach for addressing differential covariate measurement error in propensity score methods
- The general structure of evidence factors in observational studies
- Double robustness without weighting
- Rank tests in unmatched clustered randomized trials applied to a study of teacher training
- A paradox from randomization-based causal inference
- Rejoinder: A paradox from randomization-based causal inference
- Estimation of causal effects with multiple treatments: a review and new ideas
- Rank tests from partially ordered data using importance and MCMC sampling methods
- Causal inference: a missing data perspective
- Observational studies
- Identification for difference in differences with cross-section and panel data
- Stronger instruments via integer programming in an observational study of late preterm birth outcomes
- Assessment of the extent of corroboration of an elaborate theory of a causal hypothesis using partial conjunctions of evidence factors
- Learning causal effect using machine learning with application to China's typhoon
- Exact variance formula for the estimated mean outcome with external intervention based on the front-door criterion in Gaussian linear structural equation models
- Design-based analysis in difference-in-differences settings with staggered adoption
- The information in covariate imbalance in studies of hormone replacement therapy
- Mitigating unobserved spatial confounding when estimating the effect of supermarket access on cardiovascular disease deaths
- Dimensions, power and factors in an observational study of behavioral problems after physical abuse of children
- Beyond the mean: a flexible framework for studying causal effects using linear models
- Bounds on the conditional and average treatment effect with unobserved confounding factors
- Reconciling design-based and model-based causal inferences for split-plot experiments
- Estimating causal effects with optimization-based methods: a review and empirical comparison
- The magnitude and direction of collider bias for binary variables
- Evidence factors in a case-control study with application to the effect of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer
- Regression analysis of unmeasured confounding
- Comment: Matching methods for observational studies derived from large administrative databases
- Outcome-wide longitudinal designs for causal inference: a new template for empirical studies
- Comment: Outcome-wide individualized treatment strategies
- Rejoinder: The future of outcome-wide studies
- A regression discontinuity design for ordinal running variables: evaluating central bank purchases of corporate bonds
- Causal inferences with group based trajectory models
- Hypothesis testing with paired partly interval censored data
- Assessing the causal effect of binary interventions from observational panel data with few treated units
- Extended sensitivity analysis for heterogeneous unmeasured confounding with an application to sibling studies of returns to education
- Advancing statistical thinking in observational health care research
- Automated versus do-it-yourself methods for causal inference: lessons learned from a data analysis competition
- Comment: Will competition-winning methods for causal inference also succeed in practice?
- Data-driven sensitivity analysis for matching estimators
- Do CRM systems cause one-to-one marketing effectiveness?
- Missing data, imputation, and endogeneity
- On the support of matching algorithms
- On randomization-based causal inference for matched-pair factorial designs
- An exact adaptive test with superior design sensitivity in an observational study of treatments for ovarian cancer
- Matching for balance, pairing for heterogeneity in an observational study of the effectiveness of for-profit and not-for-profit high schools in Chile
- Instrumental variables: an econometrician's perspective
- Nonparametric bounds and sensitivity analysis of treatment effects
- Assessing the effect of the amount of financial aids to Piedmont firms using the generalized propensity score
- Overlap in observational studies with high-dimensional covariates
- Does mobile money services adoption foster intra-African goods trade?
- Overlap weight and propensity score residual for heterogeneous effects: a review with extensions
- Randomization-based test for censored outcomes: a new look at the logrank test
- The Poisson binomial distribution -- old \& new
- Social distancing and COVID-19: randomization inference for a structured dose-response relationship
- Complex discontinuity designs using covariates: impact of school grade retention on later life outcomes in Chile
- Statistical matching and subclassification with a continuous dose: characterization, algorithm, and application to a health outcomes study
- Generalized quantile treatment effect: a flexible Bayesian approach using quantile ratio smoothing
- Full matching approach to instrumental variables estimation with application to the effect of malaria on stunting
- On sampling methods for costly multi-objective black-box optimization
- Recursive partitioning for heterogeneous causal effects
- Bounding a linear causal effect using relative correlation restrictions
- How strong is strong enough? Strengthening instruments through matching and weak instrument tests
- A Dirichlet process functional approach to heteroscedastic-consistent covariance estimation
- From Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The Role of Tests of Strongly Ignorable Treatment Assignment
- Simultaneous Variable and Covariance Selection With the Multivariate Spike-and-Slab LASSO
- Robust, Accurate Confidence Intervals with a Weak Instrument: Quarter of Birth and Education
- Multiple-Bias Modelling for Analysis of Observational Data
- Impact evaluation of job training programmes: Selection bias in multilevel models
- On equivalencies between design-based and regression-based variance estimators for randomized experiments
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1209385 (Why is no real title available?)
- A two-step Bayesian approach for propensity score analysis: simulations and case study
- Demystifying double robustness: a comparison of alternative strategies for estimating a population mean from incomplete data
- Comment: Performance of double-robust estimators when ``inverse probability weights are highly variable
- Affinely invariant matching methods with discriminant mixtures of proportional ellipsoidally symmetric distributions
- Extending Edwards likelihood ratios to simple one sided hypothesis tests
- Model‐free causal inference of binary experimental data
- Contrasting evidence within and between institutions that provide treatment in an observational study of alternate forms of anesthesia
- Chain Graph Models and their Causal Interpretations
- A General Condition for Avoiding Effect Reversal after Marginalization
- Exact \(p\)-values for network interference
- Matched case-control study with reporting bias
- Clustering, spatial correlations, and randomization inference
- A Permutation Test for the Regression Kink Design
- Discovering heterogeneous exposure effects using randomization inference in air pollution studies
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7387526 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7387625 (Why is no real title available?)
- From One Environment to Many: The Problem of Replicability of Statistical Inferences
- A Computational Framework for Solving Nonlinear Binary Optimization Problems in Robust Causal Inference
- Building Representative Matched Samples With Multi-Valued Treatments in Large Observational Studies
- Sharpening the Rosenbaum Sensitivity Bounds to Address Concerns About Interactions Between Observed and Unobserved Covariates
- Studentized sensitivity analysis for the sample average treatment effect in paired observational studies
- Combining multiple observational data sources to estimate causal effects
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