Profiles of dynamical systems and their algebra

Authors Caroline Gaze-Maillot, Antonio E. Porreca

Publication date 3 August 2020

Abstract: The commutative semiring

m a t h b f D

of finite, discrete-time dynamical systems was introduced in order to study their (de)composition from an algebraic point of view. However, many decision problems related to solving polynomial equations over

m a t h b f D

are intractable (or conjectured to be so), and sometimes even undecidable. In order to take a more abstract look at those problems, we introduce the notion of "topographic" profile of a dynamical system

(A, f)

with state transition function

f c o l o n A o A

as the sequence

m a t h o p m a t h r m p r o f A = (| A |_{i})_{i i n m a t h b b N}

, where

| A |_{i}

is the number of states having distance

i

, in terms of number of applications of

f

, from a limit cycle of

(A, f)

. We prove that the set of profiles is also a commutative semiring

(m a t h b f P, +, i m e s)

with respect to operations compatible with those of

m a t h b f D

(namely, disjoint union and tensor product), and investigate its algebraic properties, such as its irreducible elements and factorisations, as well as the computability and complexity of solving polynomial equations over

m a t h b f P

.

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