Profinite groups with many elements with large nilpotentizer and generalizations
Let \(\mathcal{F}\) be a class of finite groups closed under taking subgroups, quotients and direct products. If \(G\) is a profinite group and \(x \in G\), let \(\mathcal{F}_{G}(x)\) be the set of all elements \(g \in G\) such that \(\langle g, x \rangle\), the smallest closed subgroup of \(G\) generated by \(g\) and \(x\), is a pro-\(\mathcal{F}\) group. Let \(\mu\) be the normalized Haar measure of \(G\). Since \(\mathcal{F}_{G}(x)\) is closed in \(G\), it is measurable. The authors then define\N\[\N\mathcal{F}(G)= \big \{ g \in G \; \big | \; \mu\big(\mathcal{F}_{G}(g) \big ) >0 \big \}.\N\]\NAmong the results presented in this paper, the reviewer reports the following:\N\NTheorem 4. Assume that \(\mathcal{F}\) satisfies the following property: For every prime \(p\), if \(\mathcal{F}\) contains a finite non-trivial \(p\)-group, then it contains all finite cyclic \(p\)-groups. \(\mathcal{F}(G)\) is closed in \(G\) for every profinite group \(G\) if and only if \(\mathcal{F}\) is the class of all finite groups.\N\NTheorems 6 and 7. Let \(\mathcal{S}\) be the class of finite solvable groups and let \(G\) be a profinite group. If \(\mu \big (\mathcal{S}(G) \big)>0\), (or if \(\mu \big(\mathcal{S}_{G}(g) \big) > 0\) for every \(g\) of odd order), then \(G\) is virtually prosolvable.\N\NTheorem 10. Let \(\mathcal{P}_{p}\) be the class of finite \(p\)-groups (\(p\) a prime) and let \(G\) be a profinite group. If \(\mu \big ( \mathcal{P}_{p}(G) \big ) >0\), then \(G\) is virtually pro-\(p\).
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