Programming with data. A guide to the S language

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``To turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully is a fundamental goal of \(S\), a functional object-based language designed for computing with data. \(S\) provides organization for data by providing useful classes of objects and techniques for storing them in \(S\) databases. It also provides tools for a wide range of visualization, computation and modeling as well as programming, i.e. a language and environment to turn ideas into new tools. The book consists of eleven chapters plus two appendices. The first three chapters survey programming in \(S\) with the focus on highlights of the main techniques with examples, essential concepts underlying all \(S\) programming and a quick reference to many tools and techniques in \(S\). The first chapter of the book introduces the \(S\) language and programming environment and some of the most common and useful features. Topics as using \(S\) functions, data, objects and databases as well as writing \(S\) functions and defining classes and methods are covered there and illustrated with the help of a number of examples. In the second chapter key concepts of \(S\) are presented. After sections devoted to the relation between \(S\) and other languages and user interface to \(S\) concepts of objects, databases and chapters, functions, methods, classes of objects and interfaces are introduced and explained. The third chapter serves as a quick reference to a large number of functions, classes and methods provided by \(S\). In the rest of the book various aspects of programming in \(S\) are discussed. Chapter four deals with computations in \(S\) while in chapter five objects, databases and chapters are described in more details. In chapter six general approach to programming in \(S\) is discussed including debugging and error-handling and programming the user interface. Then, in chapters seven and eight more details on dealing with classes and methods are presented. Chapter nine describes how to use and develop online documentation for \(S\) functions, classes and methods. It must be stressed that the chapter discusses viewing documentation from \(S\) itself even if this is only one aspect of a richer documentation programming environment. Chapter ten provides details on the tools to handle connections of \(S\) processes to other entities in the computing environment for the purpose of reading or writing data. Finally, chapter eleven describes interface functions to other languages, namely to the command shell and to subroutines written in C, C++, or Fortran. Two appendices provide some special information on using \(S\). Appendix A deals with the basics of writing C code capable of manipulating \(S\) objects. In appendix B steps needed to use functions and objects created in older versions of \(S\) are discussed. The book can be used as a useful guide to the complete \(S\) programming process, from simple interactive use through ambitious software projects.




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