Projective Schur functions as bispherical functions on certain homogeneous superspaces
Projective Schur functions introduced by Schur to characterize projective representations of symmetric groups, have several other interpretations: as characters of tensor representations of the Lie superalgebra \({\mathfrak q}(n)\), where \({\mathfrak q}(n)\) is the odd (queer) analogue of the general linear Lie algebra [\textit{A. N. Sergeev}, Math. USSR, Sb. 51, 419--427 (1985); translation from Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 123(165), No. 3, 422--430 (1984; Zbl 0573.17002)], and as characteristics of spherical functions of a certain twisted Gelfand pair [\textit{J. R. Stembridge}, J. Algebr. Comb. 1, No. 1, 71--95 (1992; Zbl 0780.05056)]. In the paper under review the author obtains other realizations of the projective Schur functions. First, he shows that these Stembridge characteristics are precisely bispherical functions of the triple \(({\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak e}(n),{\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}(n| n),{\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak e}(n))\) for the two different ways of embedding of \({\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak e}(n)\) into \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}(n| n)\), either as the diagonal or as a nondegenerate symmetric odd bilinear form or a skew-symmetric one. Here \({\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak e}(n)\) is the periplectic Lie superalgebra which presents the nondegenerate odd bilinear form (either symmetric or skew-symmetric). Then the author interprets projective Schur functions as bispherical functions of the triple \(({\mathfrak q}(n),{\mathfrak q}(n)\oplus {\mathfrak q}(n),{\mathfrak q}(n))\) when \({\mathfrak q}(n)\) is embedded into \({\mathfrak q}(n)\oplus {\mathfrak q}(n)\) either as the diagonal or the twisted diagonal. The obtained realizations allow to construct algebras of differential operators for which the projective Schur functions are eigenfunctions. These algebras appear as algebras of radial parts of Laplace operators for the Lie superalgebras \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}(n| n)\) and \({\mathfrak q}(n)\). (The centers of the universal enveloping algebras of \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}(n| n)\) and \({\mathfrak q}(n)\) are not isomorphic but their radial parts are isomorphic.) For the entire collection see [Zbl 1027.00015].
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